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1

A Comprehensive Review of the Quadratic High Gain DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Application

Jayachandran Divya Navamani, Sathik Jagabar, Padhi Tanmay, Kumari Aditi

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2022

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Vol. 68, No. 2

299--306

EN

In the recent times, lot of research work carried out in the field of fuel cells explicitly divulges that it has the potential to be an ultimate power source in upcoming years. The fuel cell has more storing capacity, which enables to use in heavy power applications. In these applications, power conditioning is more vital to regulate the output voltage. Hence, we need a dc-dc converter to provide a constant regulated output voltage for such high-power system. Currently, many new converters were designed and implemented as per the requirement. This paper has made comparative study on several topologies of the quadratic high gain dc-dc converter and the applications where these topologies can be used when the fuel cell is given as a source. Also, we have compared various parameters of all the converters considered and generated the results with steady-state and dynamic study. In this article, we briefed the types of analysis carried on the dc-dc converter to study its performance. Moreover, various application of fuel cell is presented and discussed. This paper will be a handbook to the researchers who start to work on high gain dc-dc converter topologies with quadratic boost converter as a base. This article will also guide the engineers to concentrate on the fuel cell components where it needs to be explored for optimizing its operation.

2

Radial basis function neural network and salp swarm algorithm for paddy leaf diseases classification in Thanjavur, Tamilnadu geographical region

Thirugnanasambandam Gayathri Devi, Rajkumar Ganesan, Srinivasan Anandan, Sudha Selvarajan

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 6

2917--2932

EN

Farming is an essential sustenance for the progressive population. The development of our country depends on the farmers. Plants endure by many diseases due to environmental factors. So, the farmers need to detect plant diseases at an early stage for appreciable yield. In the beginning, the observing and examining plant disease are examined physically by the expertise in the farming field, which requires a considerable measure of work/ and requires over the top handling time. Now, machine learning concepts eliminate conventional protruding and time-consuming techniques. This paper focuses on a novel method for detecting and identifying paddy leaf diseases at the early stages in Thanjavur region using radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) classifier. Further, it is optimized with salp swarm algorithm (SSA) technique. The proposed method utilizes the data from the TNAU agritech portal, IRRI knowledge bank, UCI machine learning repository databases, which have healthy and diseased images. This work illustrates four categories (Bacterial Blast, Bacterial Blight, Leaf Tungro and Brown Spot) of infected paddy images along with the normal set of images. Initially the preprocessing is performed for the acquired images then K-means segmentation algorithm segregates the image. Gray level co-occurrence matrix extracts the Texture features from the segmented image and the RBFNN classifier performs the disease classification and improves the detection accuracy by optimizing the data using SSA. The investigational results of the proposed methodology exhibit the performance in terms of accuracy of disease detection is 98.47%. However, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) achieves the diseases detection accuracy of 97.85% and support-vector machine (SVM) classifier achieves a disease detection accuracy of 97.07%. This paper proposes a method of paddy leaf disease recognition and classification using RBFNN and salp swarm algorithm. It also suggests and identifies an image analysis by framing a set of conditions for disease affected plants. The results show that the most satisfactory outcome can be gained to verify the yield of proposed methods with least effort.

3

A short note on the natural and anthropogenic variations in the water storage changes at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Mathews Gathala Vinod, Rajesh Rekapalli, Begum Shaik Kareemunnisa

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 4

1847--1854

EN

We analyze the periodic and stochastic/random dynamics in the water storage changes at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. We used time-variable gravity data in terms of Equivalent Water Thickness (EWT) measured from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On satellite missions for the period 2002 to 2021 along with average rainfall data to assess the natural and anthropogenic impacts on water storage changes. We employ Wavelet Spectrum and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) methods to analyze the non-stationary variation of spectral power and principal components. The water storage in the study area shows a significant positive trend with a peak correlation of 0.52 with the rainfall data at a lag of 3 months. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth principal components depicting the monotonic trend and oscillations together contribute 69.48% to the total water storage changes. The wavelet spectrum of the SSA reconstructed signal from the first four principal components revealed non-stationary annual and 1.3 to 8 years periodicities associated with natural solar and El-Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO) respectively. The phase plot of the residual signal of ~ 30% variance suggests the random dynamics. Thus the study suggests: (i) an increasing groundwater trend in the study area, (ii) nearly 70% of the water storage changes are linked with natural solar and ENSO variations, and (iii) 30% of water storage changes are with random dynamics possibly linked with anthropogenic activities and catastrophic climatic episodes of shorter duration at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

4

The automated system of optical observation and tracking of space objects

Łukasiewicz Jerzy, Lubieniecka Joanna, Kusiński Jerzy, Sarna Wiesław, Tchórznicki Krzysztof

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 1

237--258

EN

Having a fleet of artificial satellites necessitates the construction of a system that will enable obtaining information on the situation in the Earth orbit (Space Situation Awareness - SSA). Such systems are built either as active radar systems or as passive optical systems. The automated system of optical observation and tracking of space objects (ASOPEK) consists of two optical systems (wide-angle and narrow-angle) and software enabling: detection of artificial satellites in the field of view of the system, identification of detected objects, updating the satellite database with unknown objects, updating orbits of observed objects. The ASOPEK system was created as part of a project financed by the National Center for Research and Development No. DOB-BIO7/25/02/2015.

PL

Posiadanie floty sztucznych satelitów wymusza konieczność zbudowania systemu, dzięki któremu możliwe będzie pozyskiwanie informacji na temat sytuacji panującej na orbicie okołoziemskiej (ang. Space Situation Awareness - SSA ). Systemy takie budowane są albo jako aktywne systemy radarowe albo jako pasywne systemy optyczne. Zautomatyzowany system optycznej obserwacji i śledzenia obiektów w przestrzeni kosmicznej (ASOPEK) składa się z dwóch systemów optycznych (szerokokątnego oraz wąskokątnego) oraz oprogramowania umożliwiającego: wykrywanie sztucznych satelitów w polu widzenia systemu, identyfikację wykrytych obiektów, uaktualnianie bazy danych satelitów o obiekty nieznane, uaktualnianie orbit obserwowanych obiektów. System ASOPEK powstał w ramach projektu finansowanego przez NCBiR nr DOBBIO7/25/02/2015.

5

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the integrated technology for the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) and fertilizers production

Smol Marzena, Kulczycka Joanna, Lelek Łukasz, Gorazda Katarzyna, Wzorek Zbigniew

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2020

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Vol. 46, no. 2

42--52

EN

The paper presents an application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method for the environmental evaluation of the technologies for the fertilizers production. LCA has been used because it enables the most comprehensive identification, documentation and quantification of the potential impacts on the environment and the evaluation and comparison of all significant environmental aspects. The main objective of the study was to assess and compare two technologies for the production of phosphorus (P) fertilizers coming from primary and secondary sources. In order to calculate the potential environmental impact the IMPACT 2002+ method was used. The first part of the LCA included an inventory of all the materials used and emissions released by the system under investigation. In the following step, the inventory data were analyzed and aggregated in order to calculate one index representing the total environmental burden. In the scenario 1, fertilizers were produced with use of an integrated technology for the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) and P fertilizer production. Samples of SSA collected from two Polish mono-incineration plants were evaluated (Scenario 1a and Scenario 1b). In the scenario 2, P-based fertilizer (reference fertilizer – triple superphosphate) was produced from primary sources – phosphate rock. The results of the LCA showed that both processes contribute to a potential environmental impact. The overall results showed that the production process of P-based fertilizer affects the environment primarily through the use of the P raw materials. The specific results showed that the highest impact on the environment was obtained for the Scenario 2 (1.94899 Pt). Scenario 1a and 1b showed the environmental benefits associated with the avoiding of SSA storage and its emissions, reaching -1.3475 Pt and -3.82062 Pt, respectively. Comparing results of LCA of P-based fertilizer production from different waste streams, it was indicated that the better environmental performance was achieved in the scenario 1b, in which SSA had the higher content of P (52.5%) in the precipitate. In this case the lower amount of the energy and materials, including phosphoric acid, was needed for the production of fertilizer, calculated as 1 Mg P2O5. The results of the LCA may play a strategic role for the decision-makers in the aspect of searching and selection of the production and recovery technologies. By the environmental evaluation of different alternatives of P-based fertilizers it is possible to recognize and implement the most sustainable solutions.

6

Optymalizacja kodu przy wykorzystaniu algorytmu SSA w środowiskach maszyn wirtualnych

Kras P., Piórkowski A.

Studia Informatica

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2016

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Vol. 37, nr 1

97--111

PL

Artykuł ten skupia się na wybranych sposobach optymalizacji kodu, przeprowadzanych z użyciem techniki pojedynczego statycznego przypisania (SSA) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kontekstu najpopularniejszych obecnie środowisk maszyn wirtualnych. Przedstawiono podstawowe metody optymalizacji kodu, które opierają się na technice przekształcenia kodu do wspomnianej postaci. Zaprezentowano metodę konstrukcji grafów przepływu sterowania oraz skupiono się na możliwości jej wykorzystania do redukcji obliczeń. Na podstawie przykładowego kodu przedstawiono możliwość optymalizacji SSA w wiodących systemach maszyn wirtualnych Java VM, .NET Framework i Mono. Eksperymentalnie oceniono wpływ ręcznego wykonania optymalizacji przez programistę w odniesieniu do optymalizacji wykonywanej automatycznie przez kompilator JIT.

EN

This article focuses on some ways to optimize the code, carried out us-ing the technique of static single assignment (SSA) with particular emphasis on the context of today's most popular virtual machine environments. The basic methods of code optimization, which are based on the technique of recasting the code to that form are presented. Also a method of design control flow graphs and focused on the possibility of its use to reduce the calculations is shown. Based on the example code, the possibility of optimizing the SSA in leading systems, virtual machines Java VM, the .NET Framework and Mono was considered. Experimentally the impact of manual performance optimization by the programmer in relation to the optimization per-formed automatically by the JIT compiler was carried out.

7

Meeting reliability requirements for rotor ice protection system design

Golec P., Brzęczek J.

Diagnostyka

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2014

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Vol. 15, No. 1

31--35

EN

Increasing cost of rotorcraft maintenance forces transport companies to utilize their rotorcraft fleet to the fullest. This means that the most successful rotorcraft production company is the one that can provide rotorcraft that can operate in wider range of weather conditions than competition. Air transport authorities define requirements for both rotorcraft performance during flight in icing conditions and reliability of ice accretion protection systems. At the same time production company management requires that production, and development costs are as low as possible. This paper will focus on problems of meeting requirements of rotorcraft ice protection systems reliability using various types of reliability analyses that will help keep the system as simple and inexpensive as possible and are required in certification process of ice protection system.

PL

Ciągłe zwiększanie się kosztów utrzymania wiropłatów wymusza na firmach transportowych maksymalne wykorzystanie możliwości posiadanej floty. Oznacza to, że producent wiropłatów, aby osiągnąć sukces musi dostarczać produkt, który będzie w stanie operować w szerszym zakresie warunków pogodowych, niż firmy konkurencyjne. Organy nadzoru lotniczego określają zarówno wymagania dla własności lotnych wiropłatów w czasie lotu w warunkach oblodzenia oraz wymagania niezawodnościowe układu ochrony przed oblodzeniem. Jednocześnie zarządzający firmami produkującymi, wymagają, aby koszty produkcji i opracowania projektu były możliwie jak najniższe. Niniejsze opracowanie skupia się na problematyce sprostania wymaganiom niezawodnościowym przy wykorzystaniu różnych typów analiz niezawodnościowych, które pozwolą na zaprojektowanie możliwie najprostszych i najtańszych układów, i które są wymagane w procesie certyfikacyjnym układu ochrony wiropłata przed oblodzeniem.