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1

Selected operational limitations in the operation of passenger and cargo ships under SOLAS Convention (1974)

Stępień Julianna, Pilarska Malwina

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2021

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nr 65 (137)

21--26

EN

Presented are regulations concerning the operation of passenger ships (with particular emphasis on Polish ferries) designed to increase maritime safety the SOLAS Convention, established in 1974 and codified in 2002, codifies these regulations, and the International Maritime Organization mandates additional regulations, created in response to a rapidly increasing number of maritime disasters. The analyses described herein were based on restrictions established for the “Jan Śniadecki” and “Mikołaj Kopernik” ferries. Safety of ro-ro units, which also typically have a significant number of people on board, was also analyzed. Also included in the study were ship operational- limitation characteristics with respect to structure, unsinkability, and stability of machinery and electrical equipment, fire protection, operational requirements, and rescue measures and devices, along with their purpuroses. Safety management consists of taking appropriate actions to prevent or minimize the effects of an accident or a disaster and is assessed on the basis of calculations and experience gleaned from analogous cases. Safety management can proceed if a problem has been thoroughly assessed. The potential risk of negative consequences with respect to the safety of the transport process as a whole must be considered, and the safety of the whole must not be risked for that of a particular part of it. A safety management decision can be made when its necessity is not in doubt. A problem is assumed to have only one solution. The effectiveness of the previously used method should be carefully assessed before proceeding to the next method. Security management is not easy and requires much professional knowledge and experience.

2

Understanding the interrelation between the Safety of Life at Sea Convention and Certain IMO’s Code

Guevara D., Dalaklis D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 2

381--389

EN

Over the last few decades, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has very heavily utilized the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 Convention as the main legal instrument (and implementation tool) concerning safety at sea for merchant vessels engaged in international trade. During this more than a century of existence and continuous improvement of the Convention, wide-ranging safety risks have been addressed via SOLAS and certain relevant “supporting” Codes, covering for example the issues of design, construction and equipment of ships, as well as paving the way for the introduction of a structured framework of operational procedures that ensures a high level of professional performance for the crew onboard those seagoing vessels (the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention-ISM Code) and even including human factors topics. Until this point in time, the IMO has developed the SOLAS Convention with fourteen (14) chapters that are covering all the main risks associated with shipping operations and are working in parallel with other related Conventions and Codes to enhance the level of safety at sea, under a holistic approach that is working under the principle of interrelation. This paper aims to briefly discuss SOLAS’ history of development and highlight just a few of those important risks that this Convention is addressing, with certain emphasis on the topic of “safety of navigation”. Apart from helping to understand the way this Convention and other IMO’s legal instruments are interrelated, it will also provide a few educated guesses about the “upcoming” challenges that in the near future should also be included into the scope of the SOLAS, with the topic of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MAAS) clearly standing out.

3

Implementation and Compliance of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code in Mexico: A literature Review and Selected Issues

Ávila‐Zúñiga‐Nordfjeld A., Dalaklis D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 2

363--373

EN

This paper provides a literature review of the state of the art on implementation and compliance of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code), for the case of Mexico. This investigation was initially oriented solely towards Mexico, but due to the absence of research within this subject for the referred country the review had to be done through subcategories with the conditional connection of Mexico and relevant issues were selected. The primary data confirmed the absence of research within this subject in Mexico. The secondary data, were other words related to the ISPS Code were used for the search, allowed for a wider geographical coverage and an expanded on general bases the scope of analysis, since ten (10) different academic databases were exploited. The literature review from an author-centric approach is initially presented; then, it is used as the basis to further develop (and examine) the concept-centric approach, through eight selected categories. The careful screening of literature, constructed on specific concepts, allowed the identification of cross fertilization of such concepts in the respective fields. It is observed that the research efforts focused on the ISPS Code and the development of a Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP) have an integrated perspective, where the categories of terrorism and counterterrorism, as well as maritime security management and the issue of port security have a strong interaction and dominant status. The results demonstrate the limited number of academic contributions in these areas from America Central and South America in relation to other parts of the globe, as well as the total absence of research efforts about the ISPS Code in Mexico. In the scientific contributions on the subject were Mexico is included; it is in reference to isolated cases of armed robbery, drugs organizations or proliferation of crime on general bases, but not regarding the ISPS Code itself. The absence of scientific research on this area for the specific country might also be related to the lack of a national maritime security policy and a poor maritime security culture as the authors have pointed out in other contributions.

4

Some aspects of the modernization plan for the GMDSS

Korcz K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 1

167--174

EN

Preliminary Modernization Plan for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) have been presented. On the base of a current status of the GMDSS and the discussion on a modernization topic some aspects of the Modernization Plan for the GMDSS, both regulatory and technical nature, have been described. Future work on the Modernization Plan for the GMDSS have been discussed as well.

5

Effect of watertight subdivision on subdivision Index for medium size ro–ro passenger ferries

Pawłowski M., Laskowski A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 3

447--450

EN

Ro-pax vessels should fulfil the requirements of the current harmonised SOLAS Convention. The study analyses the effect of various ro-pax vessel subdivision arrangements on the subdivision index. A Polish ferry was chosen as a generic ship to perform the study. For illustration of damage survivability, the attained subdivision index A was calculated for a number of modified configurations. The arrangements included single and double sides above and below the car deck, with and without a double buoyant car deck. The conclusions of the study can be used in the design of new ro-pax vessels.

6

ECDIS users genuine qualification in maritime industry great demand

Legieć W.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2016

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Vol. 10, no. 4

575--579

EN

In this paper author summarizes present maritime industry growing preference for highly qualified officers in the field of ECDIS operation. Current ECDIS training internationally recognised requirements are described including Manila amendments and Polish approach to the IMO Model course 1.27. Various forms of training available nowadays are presented within the paper. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are identified. Author outlines the necessity of improving ECDIS trainers’ competency.

7

Weintrit A.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2015

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Vol. 8, iss. 1

35--40

EN

In the paper the author tries to present the results of monitoring the implementation of the Electronic Chart Display Information System (ECDIS) to ensure that issues identified in regard to the anomalous operation of some ECDIS are collated, analyzed, communicated and resolved as speedily as possible to maintain the safety of navigation and to assist the smooth transition from paper to digital navigation.

8

Training safely, Training safety

Wu J., An M., Jin Y., Geng H.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2014

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Vol. 8, no. 3

423--427

EN

It is the basic requirement of maritime safety education to guarantee the safety of teaching operation while training the crew's occupation safety capability. Marine Training Center of Shanghai Maritime University has undertaken the practical teaching of "marine survival" for many years and come up with the whole safety procedures of training. Based on the requirements of SOLAS convention and regulations of STCW over crew training, this paper introduces the safety allocation, utilization and maintenance of teaching equipments. Through the investigation of the safety situation of students' practical operation, the safety teaching method named "four in one" has been put forward, which includes the pre-teaching safety precaution, the whole monitor during the teaching process, the post-teaching summary evaluation, and the reset and standby of teaching facilities. Finally, during the learning and training of "marine survival", crews and students are called on to place priority on personal safety rather than acquisition of knowledge and skills. Only in this way can they be capable of self-protection and protection of others in the career of seafaring.

9

Data Transmission in Inland AIS System

Wolejsza P.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2010

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Vol. 4, no. 2

179--182

EN

The article presents the technical aspects of applying the marine Automatic Identification System (AIS) for the purposes of vessel traffic control in inland shipping. Functional properties and requirements for inland AIS have been discussed as well as protocol alterations in relation to marine AIS, with particular consideration of messages enhancing safety of navigation and the flow capacity of inland waterways.

10

Some Radiocommunication Aspects of e-Navigation

Korcz K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 1

93--97

EN

In the paper some radiocommunication issues concerning Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) in respect of the e - Navigation have been described. Some aspects of the existing technical and regulation constraints and limitations referring to GMDSS equipment and systems have been given. The issues relating to the need of GMDSS modernization taking into account new technology and the discussion on the e-Navigation program have been presented.

11

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Evacuation of People from Vessels in Life-Endangering Situations

Lozowicka D. H.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2008

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Vol. 2, no. 2

187--189

EN

The trends to build ever larger passenger vessels enforce the necessity of continuous improvement of safety systems on such ships. Sea voyages constitute nowadays an attractive form of spending one’s leisure, which is why people aboard vessels should also have their safety ensured in the case of a necessity to evacuate them. Paper presents the methods of lengthening of the time available for conducting evacuation, shortening the time of becoming aware of the necessity of evacuation and shortening the time of evacuation itself. An interesting concept of signalling the direction of evacuation by means of sound, bound strictly with the way man’s instrument of hearing functions and the way of locating the source of sound is also presented at the paper. A new approach to designing evacuation systems is discussed at the paper. The concept of a “safe haven” is presented.

12

Worldwide and route-specific coverage of electronic navigational charts

Vanem E., Eide M. S., Skjong R., Gravir G., Lepsoe A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 2

163--169

EN

This paper presents the results from a recent study on the coverage of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC). Global traffic datahas been evaluated in relation to the coverage of ENC and eleven specific ship routes, representative for global merchant shipping, have been analyzed in further detail. Overall, the ENC coverage was found to be extensive, with 82 – 94% coverage for SOLAS ships, and 28 – 100% coverage along selected routes. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated how the coverage of ENCs could be taken into account when assessing the effect of ECDIS for safer ship navigation and associated cost effectiveness.

13

Traffic separation schemes and mandatory ship reporting system in the Baltic for the approaches to the polish ports in the gulf of Gdansk

Rojek B., Wawruch R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 4

387--391

EN

Paper contains a proposal to establish a traffic separation schemes in accordance with the provisions of SOLAS regulation V/10 and mandatory ship reporting system in accordance with the provisions of SOLAS regulation V/11 in the Polish territorial and internal waters in the Gulf of Gda?sk. Presented proposal has been sent for consideration to other Baltic countries including Russian Federation at the end of March 2007 and in the event of their consent will be presented for approval during nearest session of the IMO Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation.