Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Rozwijanie mikroporowatości w węglach mezoporowatych

Choma J., Jedynak K., Fahrenholz W., Ludwinowicz J., Jaroniec M.

Ochrona Środowiska

|

2013

|

Vol. 35, nr 1

3--10

PL

Metodą miękkiego odwzorowania otrzymano, w obecności kwasu solnego lub kwasu cytrynowego, dwa mezoporowate węgle używając rezorcynolu i formaldehydu, jako prekursorów węglowych, oraz kopolimeru trójblokowego Pluronic F127, jako miękkiej matrycy. W celu rozwinięcia struktury mikroporowatej tak otrzymanych mezoporowatych węgli w trakcie ich syntezy dodano tetraetoksysilan (TEOS), a w końcowym etapie wytrawiono krzemionkę za pomocą roztworu NaOH. Druga metoda rozwijania mikroporowatości polegała na posyntezowej chemicznej aktywacji mezoporowatego węgla za pomocą KOH w temperaturze 700°C. Wykazano, że metoda z dodatkiem TEOS pozwoliła nie tylko na znaczne rozwinięcie mikroporowatości węgla, ale także na rozwinięcie jego mezoporowatości. Zastosowanie metody aktywacji za pomocą KOH spowodowało tylko znaczący rozwój mikroporowatości węgla, natomiast mezoporowatość uległa w znacznym stopniu zmniejszeniu (2÷4-krotnie) w stosunku do wyjściowych węgli mezoporowatych. Stwierdzono, że obie metody rozwijania mikroporowatości prowadziły do otrzymania węgli o bardzo dobrych parametrach strukturalnych. W najlepszym przypadku w metodzie z dodatkiem TEOS powierzchnia właściwa BET węgla wynosiła 1300 m2/g, a całkowita objętość porów ok. 1,4 cm3/g. W metodzie aktywacji za pomocą KOH powierzchnia właściwa węgla wynosiła natomiast ponad 2000 m2/g, a całkowita objętość porów ponad 1 cm3/g. Biorąc pod uwagę, że węgle otrzymane obiema metodami miały bardzo dobre właściwości adsorpcyjne, mogą być one z powodzeniem wykorzystywane w procesach adsorpcyjnego oczyszczania wody i powietrza.

EN

Mesoporous carbons were obtained in the presence of hydrochloric and citric acids via soft-templating method. Resorcinol and formaldehyde were used as carbon precursors and triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a soft template. Tetraethyl orthosilicate was introduced to the system in order to develop microporosity and sodium hydroxide at the final stage to etch the silica. After silica dissolution the expected increase in microporosity was observed; interestingly, the mesoporosity was also improved. Post-synthesis activation with KOH at 700°C was proposed as an alternative approach to develop additional microporosity. The treatment resulted in the increased microporosity; however, the mesoporosity significantly decreased (2 to 4 fold) in comparison to the initial values. Both methods were effective and led to the formation of additional microporosity. For instance, the sample obtained with addition of TEOS exhibited the BET specific surface area of 1300 m2/g and total pore volume of about 1.4 cm3/g. The post-synthesis activation resulted in the specific surface area over 2000 m2/g and total pore volume exceeding 1 cm3/g. Carbon materials obtained with both methods showed good adsorption properties, therefore, they are suitable for environmental applications such as water treatment and air purification.

2

Diamond composites with nanoceramic boride bonding phases

Szutkowska M., Jaworska L., Rozums M., Klimczyk P., Bucko M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2012

|

Vol. 53, nr 2

85-91

EN

Purpose: Basic mechanical properties of the studied tool composites and microstructure of diamond- titanium diboride composite, and diamond-titanium diboride-titanium nitride composite with participation of nanopowders have been presented. Design/methodology/approach: Composites were prepared on the basis diamond powders of 3-6 Μ (MDA36, Element Six) and the TiB2/TiN nanopowders of below 45 nm (Neomat Co. Lithuania firm) and nanopowder of TiB2 with size of crystallite below of 100 nm (American Elements firm). Different amount of a bonding phase changing in range from 10 to 30 wt% was used. Compacts in the shape of disc with dimension ∅15x5 mm were sintered at pressure 8.0�}0.2 GPa and temperature of 2235 K using the Bridgman type apparatus. Microstructure studies using scanning microscope, X-ray and electron diffraction phase analysis were used. Findings: The influence of the bonding phase amount on the tested properties was observed. Vicker�fs hardness HV1 was changed in the range from 20.0 to 50.0 GPa, Young�fs modulus (E) from 360 to 600 GPa and density (�Ď) from 3.30 to 3.63 g/cm3. The highest values of Vickers hardness and Young�fs modulus were obtained for diamond composites sintered with 10 wt% TiB2 of bonding phase. Practical implications: In this work the effect of reduction powder size from submicron scale to nano scale of two ceramic bonding phases: titanium diboride and titanium diboride-nitride in diamond composites on selected mechanical properties has been reported. The results show that using of the TiB2 powders in nano scale size increase the Vicker�fs hardness about 30 wt% in comparison to using of the TiB2/TiN phase. Originality/value: These investigations allow enhance possibility of using this materials as burnishing tools and rational use of existing ceramic tools.

3

Selected mechanical properties and microstructure of Al2O3ZrO2nano ceramic composites

Szutkowska M., Smuk B., Kalinka A., Czechowski K., Bućko M., Boniecki M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2011

|

Vol. 48, nr 1

58--63

EN

Purpose: Basic mechanical properties of the studied tool materials and microstructure of alumina-zirconia ceramic composites with fraction of nanopowders have been presented. Design/methodology/approach: The present study reports selected properties obtained by reinforcing Al2O3 with 15 wt% ZrO2 (partially stabilized with Y2O3-Y5) and, non-stabilized zirconia. Specimens were prepared based on submicro- and nano-scale trade powders. Vickers hardness (HV1), wear resistance and fracture toughness (KIC) at room and elevated temperatures characteristic for tool work were evaluated. Microstructure was observed by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Preliminary industrial cutting tests in the turning of higher-quality carbon steel C45 grade were carried out. Findings: The addition of nanopowders does not result in a significant improvement in fracture toughness at room temperature. A reduction in fracture toughness of KIC(ET) by approximately 20% is observed at elevated temperature (1073 K) for the specimen only with submicro powders in comparison to that at room temperature. Addition of the powder mixture in submicron and nano scale size reveals the minor reduction of fracture toughness (up to 10%) at elevated temperature. Practical implications: The results show that using of powders in submicron and nano scale size not improve the tool life but influences the fracture toughness et elevated temperatures. Originality/value: The results of the presented investigations allow rational use of existing ceramic tools.

4

The wear resistance and thermal stability of the manganese-nitrogen-oxygen layers created on Al-Si alloy

Serbiński W.

Advances in Materials Science

|

2001

|

Vol. 1, nr 1(1)

79-86

EN

The demands made on products of the automotive and machine-building industry are becoming increasingly stringent. These requirements can only be fulfilled with high quality materials and modern processing methods in design manufacturing. The possibility of fabrication of the manganese- nitrogen-oxygen Mn-N-O layers on the Al-Si alloy substrate is presented. Hardness, microstructure and phase com-position of the formed Mn-N-O layers have been examined. Results of the wear and thermal stability testing of the above layers on Al-Si alloy substrate are pre-sented. The beneficial effect of the Mn-N-O layers on the surface hardness and wear resistance of the Al-Si alloy is observed.

5

Synthesis of in situ Al-Si matrix composites by stir casting technique

Imielińska K., Le Petitcorps Y.

Advances in Materials Science

|

2001

|

Vol. 1, nr 1(1)

53-61

EN

Fabrication technique by stir casting of Al-Si alloy with Cr and Fe powders as well as chromium steel substrate has been described. Morphology of the composites has been analysed using SEM images and EDX chemical composition analysis. Improved microhardness of the in situ formed Al, Si, Fe, Cr phases indicates that the composites may be the candidate materials for Al-Si alloy moulded elements of improved abrasion resistance.