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Multi-criteria evaluation of technological solutions to improve gas distribution station efficiency

Misevičiūtė Violeta, Tučkus Rapolas, Rogoža Artur

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2023

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Vol. 7, nr 4

109--120

EN

Due to the global energy crisis, rising energy demand, and climate change, there must be a way to recover energy that is not used for beneficial purposes, reduce primary and final energy consumption, and reduce emissions. The natural gas sector and its transmission networks, including gas distribution stations (GDSs), are an important component of Lithuania's energy sector. Because the gas pressure is reduced by the use of gas pressure regulators (GPR), the energy potential in high pressure gas is not used effectively, the need to heat natural gas is conducted with the use of natural gas boilers, and additional environmental pollution is caused by the use of GDS. The purpose of the study is to analyse GDSs, identify areas where the energy potential is not being exploited and the environment is polluted, and propose reasonable solutions. After reviewing the literature, alternative technological solutions were selected, including turbine expanders, gas preheating systems that were modified from gas boilers to geothermal heat pumps, solar collectors, and photovoltaic solar cells. To evaluate the potential of technological solutions to improve GDS efficiency and reduce emissions, the proposed solutions are analysed according to the multi-criteria analysis that consider solutions proposed from an energy, economic, and environmental perspective. Based on multi-criteria evaluation, the best alternative technological solution for GDS is recommended.

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Development of a new method for estimating SCS curve number using TOPMODEL concept of wetness index (case study: Kasilian and Jong watersheds, Iran)

Azizian Asghar, Shokoohi Alireza

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 4

1163--1177

EN

In recent years, several empirical and mathematical methods have been developed to estimate runof, among which the SCS curve number (SCS-CN) method is one of the simplest and most widely used methods. The SCS-CN depends mainly on a CN parameter which corresponds to various soil, land cover, and land management conditions, selected from look-up tables. An application of GIS and RS techniques along with fled investigations made it possible to enhance the method from a lumped one to the level of semi-distributed models in which a specifc value can be assigned to each cell in raster maps. The up-to-date procedures require several datasets, feld measurements and overlying issues which limits the use of SCS-CN in data-scarce regions. In this research a new method has been developed which estimates the SCS-CN over the catchment with a minimum input dataset and acceptable accuracy and is based on the saturation-excess concept, which is used in the semi-distributed model: TOPMODEL. The proposed method depends on three parameters, including ndrain (soil porosity), z̄ (average distance to watershed water table surface) and m (which controls the efective depth of the saturated soil) and one input dataset, the so-called topographic index. Results showed that the maximum and minimum diferences between the basin-averaged CN based on the GIS and RS techniques and the proposed method for Kasilian and Jong watersheds are 12% and 0.3%, respectively. Also, the fndings indicated that, of the three parameters of proposed method, the m parameter plays a key role and that by increasing this parameter the basin-averaged CN tends to decrease and vice versa. Because of the dependence on a topographic index, the proposed method is strongly afected by DEM resolution and there are signifcant diferences between low and high-resolution DEMs. However, for a small scale watershed, similar to Kasilian, using DEMs with resolution lower than 100 m considerably decreases the above diferences. As an overall conclusion, the proposed method provides acceptable values of SCS-CN which is important for running rainfall-runof model in a data-limited or data-scarce regions. In addition, creating the gridded map for CN, which is required in most hydrological models, is one of the most important advantages of the proposed method.

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Zastosowanie modelu geomorfologicznego do wyznaczania wezbrań hipotetycznych w zlewniach niekontrolowanych

Gądek W., Banach W., Fiołka I.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

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2012

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R. 109, z. 1-Ś

59--67

PL

W artykule przedstawiono porównanie wyników symulacji obliczeniowych metody wyznaczania wezbrań hipotetycznych w zlewniach niekontrolowanych opracowanej w Zakładzie Hydrologii Politechniki Krakowskiej z wynikami uzyskanymi dla danych rzeczywistych w przekrojach wodowskazowych z zastosowaniem metody opracowanej w Instytucie Inżynierii i Gospodarki Wodnej Politechniki Krakowskiej. Analizy dokonano dla trzech zlewni kontrolowanych: Prądnika, Żabniczanki oraz Żylicy.

EN

This paper presents comparison of hypothetical flood wave simulation method for ungauged catchments developed at Division of Hydrology, Cracow University of Technology, with results calculated for measured data in gauged cross-sections using method developed at Institute of Water Engineering and Water Management, Cracow University of Technology. Three gauged catchments were analysed: Prądnik, Żabniczanka and Żylica.

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Optymalne parametry precypitacji metawanadanu amonu z ługu pofiltracyjnego pochodzącego z otrzymywania sody z azotanu sodu

Trypuć M., Drużyński S.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2009

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T. 88, nr 6

722-727

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System Sterowania i Nadzoru nad pracą sieci przesyłowej w PSE Operator S.A.

Wójcicki P.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2009

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R. 55, nr 6

396-399

PL

Systemy sterowania i nadzoru (SSiN) wdrażane jako rozbudowane układy telemechaniki są w obiektach Krajowego Systemu Elektroenergetycznego od lat '90 ubiegłego wieku. Potrzeby wynikające z obowiązku zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego oraz wysokiej dyspozycyjności sieci determinują szerokie wdrożenie nowoczesnych systemów telemechaniki zapewniających pozyskiwanie informacji i danych niezbędnych do wykonywania zdalnych sterowań i nadzoru. Zastosowane rozwiązania konstrukcyjne i technologiczne dla SSiN gwarantują wysoki poziom dyspozycyjności systemów oraz nadzorowanych i sterowanych obiektów energetycznych. Dla uzyskania wysokiej sprawności układów zdecydowano o powszechnym zastosowaniu standardu IEC 61850, coraz powszechniej stosowanego przez energetykę zawodową na świecie.

EN

A project of Substation Control System (SCS) implementation in power substations of the national HV (220 and 400 kV) power transmission grids results from the main needs of new methods for asset management. The requirements are based on ensuring the transmission system energy safety as well as the high operational reliability and availability of the grid elements. Reliable operational, maintenance and technical information in real time on power substations and power lines gives many possibilities for increase in the level of using the power assets and for the safe remote control of power system elements. System Operator in Poland accepted the international standard IEC 61850 for new implementation of SCS in own HV power substations. Additionally, the system operator defined many own standards for determining the requirements concerning construction, functions, telecommunication and other technical problems for HV power substations and also for SCS components. These standards deal with the main requirements and typical solutions for building and modernisation of power substations. The paper presents the main assumptions and general effects of the project implemented, general technical requirements and the structure of the proposed technical solutions, general organisational conditions for new methods in operation process of power HV substations and the main advantages of this implementation.