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Characterization of Spent Bleaching Earth as an Adsorbent Material for Dye Removal

Yulikasari Andriyan, Nurhayati Ervin, Utama Widya, Warmadewanthi Idaa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

96--104

EN

Initial research has been carried out to determine the potential of SBE as an adsorbent material through chemical and surface area characterization. Several analyses were performed, including oil content, BET, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, and adsorption capacity. The oil content of the SBE samples were 0.05–0.09%, well below the standard (3%) of hazardous material classification according to the Indonesian government regulation. The chemical composition of SBE, measured by EDS, was dominated by Si and Al elements. XRD analysis revealed two 2-theta diffraction peaks indicated the presence of crystalline SiO2 and Al2O3 phases. Additionally, the results of the FTIR test also showed the dominance of Si-O and Al-O-H functional groups. The SBE morphology, as observed in SEM image, exhibited irregular shape and porous surface covered by impurities. These results supported by the BET data which showed SBE surface area of 10.86 m2g-1 and a mesopore volume of 2.49 cm3 (STP)g-1. Batch adsorption study conducted using low and high range concentration of methylene blue produced a maximum adsorption capacity of 7.993 mg/g and 40.485 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the adsorption mechanism was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model. Considering its chemical characteristic, SBE has met the criteria for adsorbent material. Nevertheless, the small surface area requires SBE to be activated prior to use.

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Gotowość budynków do inteligentnego funkcjonowania w sferze gospodarki energetycznej. Gotowość do promocji klasy smart w zasobach budynków Unii Europejskiej (cz. 2)

Laskowski Leszek

Budownictwo i Prawo

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2022

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R. 25, nr 3

7--13

PL

W części 2 artykułu przedstawiono próbę oceny stopnia przygotowania Unii Europejskiej, a na tym tle również Polski, do realizacji wspólnego programu certyfikacji gotowości budynków do inteligentnego funkcjonowania w sferze prosumenckiej gospodarki energetycznej. Wykazano dość jeszcze niski poziom tego przygotowania. Mimo to wskazano na nieuchronność transformacji zasobów budowlanych w kierunku zgodnym z oczekiwaniami w sukcesywnie ugruntowującej się erze społeczeństwa informacyjnego.

EN

Part 2 of the article presents an attempt to assess the degree of preparation of the European Union, and against this background also of Poland, for the implementation of a joint program of certifying the readiness of buildings to function intelligently in the sphere of the prosumer energy economy. A relatively low level of this preparation has been shown. Nevertheless, the inevitability of transforming the building stock in the direction consistent with expectations in the successively strengthening era of the information society was indicated.

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Compressive strength and durability of foamed concrete incorporating Processed Spent Bleaching Earth

Othman Rokiah, Muthusamy Khairunisa, Sulaiman Mohd Arif, Duraisamy Youventharan, Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra, Wei Chong Beng, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Mangi Sajjad Ali, Nabiałek Marcin, Śliwa Agata

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 2

627--643

EN

Foamed concrete incorporating processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) produces environmentally friendly foamed concrete. Compressive strength, porosity, and rapid chloride penetration tests were performed to investigate the potential application for building material due to its low density and porous concrete. Laboratory results show that 30% PSBE as cement replacement in foamed concrete produced higher compressive strength. Meanwhile, the porosity of the specimen produced by 30% PSBE was 45% lower than control foamed concrete. The porosity of foamed concrete incorporating PSBE decreases due to the fineness of PSBE that reduces the volume of void space between cement and fine aggregate. It was effectively blocking the pore and enhances the durability. Consistently, the positive effect of incorporating of PSBE has decreased the rapid chloride ion permeability compared to that control foamed concrete. According to ASTM C1202-19 the foamed concrete containing 30% PSBE was considered low moderate permeability based on its charge coulombs value of less than 4000. Besides, the high chloride ion permeability in foamed concrete is because the current quickly passes through the specimen due to its larger air volume. In conclusion, incorporating PSBE in foamed concrete generates an excellent pozzolanic effect, producing more calcium silicate hydrate and denser foamed concrete, making it greater, fewer voids, and higher resistance to chloride penetration.

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Modeling of acoustic field for a parametric focusing source using the spheroidal beam equation

Yu L., Li J., Shi C.

Polish Maritime Research

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2015

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S 1

43--47

EN

A theoretical model of acoustic field for a parametric focusing source on concave spherical surface is proposed. In this model, the source boundary conditions of the Spheroidal Beam Equation (SBE) for difference frequency wave excitation were studied. Propagation curves and beam patterns for difference frequency component of the acoustic field are compared with those obtained for Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) model. The results demonstrate that the focused parametric model of SBE is good valid for a large aperture angle in the strongly focused acoustic field. It is also investigated that high directivity and good focal ability with the decreasing of downshift ratio and the increasing of half-aperture angle for the focused parametric model of SBE.