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Archaeobotanical analysis of abundant cereal finds from Kraków Nowa Huta Mogiła 62 – getting back to the old story

Kapcia M., Mueller-Bieniek A.

Folia Quaternaria

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2018

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nr 86

217--231

EN

A large assemblage of charred cereal grains was found at the multicultural site Kraków Nowa Huta Mogiła 62 during a rescue excavations performed in the late 1960s. It provided valuable source of material for archaeobotanical and stable isotope studies. Both current botanical analyses of six subsamples and new radiocarbon dates of the top and the bottom of the layer indicated their Middle Neolithic origin (the Funnel Beaker culture). Despite the earlier suspicion that the material was disturbed by the construction work, the field documentation stored in the Archaeological Museum and the new archaeobotanical analyses indicate that the layer with the cereal grains, which was found at the depth of 300–330 cm was in fact, undisturbed. The cereals (mostly emmer with admixture of einkorn) were stored in a form of spikelets (as indicated by proportions of chaff and grains) and the assemblage was a final product of harvest cleaning (as suggested by low number of arable weeds). Values of stable carbon and nitrogen ratios suggest that the storage contained cereals originated from plots of different level of manuring and similar soil moisture, however more isotopic measurements are necessary to confirm that hypothesis. It is also supported by different proportions of taxa in the studied subsamples. Most of the emmer grains were sprouted before charring. We assume the grain was spoilt by excessive humidity of the storage conditions.

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The 443-Year Tree-Ring Chronology for the Scots Pine from Upper Silesia (Poland) as a Dating Tool and Climate Proxy

Opała M.

Geochronometria

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2015

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Vol. 42, no.1

41--52

EN

An annually resolved and absolutely dated ring-width chronology spanning 443 years has been constructed using the historical and living-tree Scots pine samples from the Upper Silesia, south of Poland. The constructed regional chronology, based on six object chronologies, covers the period of 1568–2010. It is composed of 178 wood samples with the mean correlation of 0.51, mean series length of 104 years and mean EPS of 0.85. In total, 65 extreme years were distinguished. Their independent verification, based on the historical and meteorological data, showed significant correlation with the exceptionally cold/mild winters as well as severe droughts. The comparison of the extreme years with the other Polish pine chronologies showed similarities in the years with the anomalous winter conditions. Some extreme years can be associated with the exceptional pluvial conditions; these years are common in the Central European hydroclimatic tree-ring records. The construction of this regional pine chronology enables for the absolute dating of many architectural monuments from investigated region. The application of the new chronology for the dating of local wood can support interpretations of changes in the environment of the Upper Silesian region. In the future it can also be used as the basis for climate reconstruction.

3

40Ar-39 Ar ages of selected rocks and minerals from the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone, and their relation to the Paleozoic structural evolution of the Malopolska and Brunovistulian terranes (S Poland)

Nawrocki J., Krzemiński L., Pańczyk M.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 3

289-300

EN

New 40Ar-39 Ar isotope ages of mafic and felsic rocks from the contact zone of the Malopolska and Brunovistulian terranes are presented and discussed. A 40Ar-39 Ar age estimation of detrital muscovite from a Lower Devonian "old red" type sandstone drilled on the Malopolska side of this zone was also done. Our studies reveal that three events of Paleozoic magmatic activity took place in the study area. The oldest, late Emsian episode is recorded by a diorite from the core part of an intrusion penetrated by the Sosnowiec IG 1 borehole. A younger, Visean event is documented by a diabase cored in the borehole WB-137. Diabases from Niedwiedzia Góra and from borehole PZ-10, and a rhyodacite from borehole 16-WB gave early Permian (Artinskian-early Sakmarian) ages. The youngest, middle Sakmarian age was obtained for a diabase forming the external parts of the Sosnowiec IG 1 polycyclic intrusion. A diorite penetrated by the Sosnowiec IG 1 borehole was emplaced during the late Emsian extension that preceded the Lochkovian-Pragian? transpression related to the final docking and amalgamation of the Brunovistulian Terrane.

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Xenotime-(Y) veins in a Neoproterozoic metamudstone (Małopolska Block, S Poland)

Stanisławska M., Michalik M.

Mineralogia

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2008

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Vol. 39, iss. 3/4

105--113

EN

First occurrence of xenotime-(Y) veins in the Neoproterozoic metamudstone, NW margin of the Małopolska Block, is reported here. The veins are <5 µm thick, inhomogeneous and of varied morphology. Their textural characteristics, exhibiting very low U and Th contents (<1 wt%) and relatively high heavy rare earth elements (REE) contents (12–24 REE2O3 wt%), suggest hydrothermal genesis, though diagenetic precursors of the veins are not excluded. The veins provide good evidence of the mobility of Y, REE, U and Th in low-temperature conditions (anchimetamorphic to greenschist facies). The observed differences in the chemical composition of the veins may indicate multiple stages of formation, possibly during several hydrothermal events that affected the area.