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Challenges of the Republic of Serbia in the treatment of waste sludge contaminated with heavy metals

Prokic Dunja, Stepanov Jasna, Stojic Natasa, Curcic Ljiljana

Environment Protection Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 48, nr 3

39--52

EN

The interactions of heavy metals and cement phases in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) process have been examined. The S/S method was applied to the waste sludge contaminated with heavy metals to determine the conditions under which the treated materials can be safely disposed of at landfills for inert, non-hazardous, or hazardous waste. Sludge samples were mixed with soil and sand to simulate improper sludge disposal directly into the soil. S/S technology was selected using different cement fractions to treat these contaminated samples. The use of Portland cement or mixtures of different types of cement for the treatment of sludge containing heavy metals is widespread. Samples of leached content were analyzed for the presence of the following metals: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The study results lead to the conclusion that the sludge contaminated with heavy metals after the application of S/S with the addition of different cement fractions is transformed into non-hazardous, monolithic material.

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Assessments and foreign policy implementation of the national security of Republic of Serbia

Mitrovic Miroslav

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 34, No. 2

7--19

EN

National security determines the degree to which endangering national interests that sublimate national values is absent. With a review of the genesis and framework of the modern interpretation of national security, the paper discusses its approaches to endangerment. A retrospective of the ideas of endangerment in the paradigm of the changed physiognomy of contemporary conflicts and dynamic geopolitical movements creates the need for an innovative approach and prediction in national security strategic assessments. The paper provides an overview of the internal and external political aspects of national security and a framework for the actions of prominent entities according to the perceived foreign policy interests of importance for the Republic of Serbia’s security. By analysing common and conflicting interests of Serbia and forces that have geopolitical interests in the Western Balkans, it is possible to establish the most objective framework for predicting the trend of relationship development and the vector of influence. The paper analyses Serbia’s interactions with Russia, the United States, and the EU. The findings point to a complex situation regarding Serbia’s national security, where Russia seeks to maintain its strong soft power presence, the United States wants close cooperation and insistence on recognising Kosovo’s independence, and the EU does not vigorously stimulate or promote Serbia’s European integration. In that way, a concrete contribution is made to the developing of strategic assessments of possible trends of importance for the Republic of Serbia’s security, as well as to the achievement of declared national goals.

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Strategia energetyczna Republiki Serbii do 2015 roku

Hebda W.

Energetyka

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2012

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nr 9

518-523

PL

Przedstawiono analizę sektora energetycznego Serbii wraz ze strategią energetyczną tego państwa do 2015 roku. Opisano zasoby surowców energetycznych wyszczególniając źródła energii nieodnawialnej oraz odnawialnej. Zarysowano kwestię najważniejszych obszarów sektora energetycznego Serbii tzn. poziom produkcji energii elektrycznej oraz zakres produkcji i importu ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Zaprezentowano tak- że najważniejsze serbskie inwestycje w obszarze energetyki, zarówno już realizowane jak i planowane. W podsumowaniu dokonano próby oceny strategii energetycznej Republiki Serbii.

EN

Presented is an analysis of the Serbian energy sector together with energy strategy of this country until the year 2015. Described are energy raw materials resources with specilication of resources of renewabie and non-renewable energy. Outlined is the problem of the most important fields in the Serbian energy sector i.e. the level of electric energy production as well as the production and import range of oil and natural gas. Presented are also the most important Serbian investments in power industry, those under realisation and the planned ones. In conclusion, an attempt is made to assess the energy strategy of the Republic of Serbia.