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PL
W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne aspekty programowania operacji graficznych w środowisku Embarcadero RAD Studio XE4 z wykorzystaniem biblioteki Microsoft DirectX.
EN
This paper presents the practical aspects of 2D graphics programming using Embarcadero RAD Studio XE4 environment and Microsoft DirectX library.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zasady tworzenia interfejsów użytkownika oraz podano przykłady realizacji nowoczesnych rozwiązań GUI w programowaniu aplikacyjnym za pomocą środowiska Embarcadero RAD Studio XE3.
EN
This paper presents a set of principles for GUI creating. Also the examples of some modern GUI solutions in application programming using Embarcadero RAD Studio XE3 IDE are given.
3
Content available remote Relative abundance distributions of species : the need to have a new look at them
EN
This paper shows that recent models of relative abundances (RADs) like the log-normal model or sequential breakage or nich apportionment models are not able to describe and explain RADs found in natural communities because they are derived from a classical niche concept and assume strong past or present interspecific competition. None of them refers especially to temporal variability and functional niche dimensions. The present paper identifie three basic features of natural communities (unimodal species-weight distributions, abundance-weight distributions with more or less marked upper boundaries, and species density fluctuations that can be modelled by four different random processes). Modelling communities with these basic features resulted in RADs that only in part could be described by classical models but that had shapes often found in sampling from larger natural communities. No single distribution like the canonical log-normal appeared that may serve as a general null-model but RAD and evolutionary strategy (r- or K selection) seem to be related. The shape of relative abundance distributions was found to depend on the number of species even if all parameter setting of the generating distributions were identical. This indicates that classical evenness indices (that assume independence of species number) might not be appropriate to compare communities with different numbers of species. It appeared that RAD and body weight related community patterns have to be studied together.
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