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Zagadnienia historiografii na łamach "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki" 1956-2005

Komorowski P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

45-65

EN

The paper presents texts publisbed in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" over tbe last fifty years tbat were devoted to bistoriograpby. The paper does not aspire to overview all such texts, and deals only witb selected publications tbat tbe autbor con- siders to be the most important in the field. A number of conclusions stem from the analysed material. First of all, considering all the texts published in the quarterly, it can be seen that there have been relatively few articles on historiography compared to the number of publictions in other fields, such as history of the exact or natural sciences, or broadly undersrtood humanities. There is no single explanation for that, but one factor might be that texts on historiography could be published in other joumals, which were specially dedicated to historiography. Another conclusion that stems from the analysis concems the content of the articles, which shows a lot of variation. Most articles deal with the historiography of the 18th century; there is also a substantial number of publications dealing with historiogra- phy in the 19th century.The subject- matter of the articles relates both to Polish and general (Greman, French) historiography. Among the quarterly's publications there have also been articles that present work in the field of history by such personages as M.D. Krajewski, M. Wiszniewski or F. Konieczny. A separate -and very interesting -group of articles is made up of scholarly autobiographies. Appearing in the section "Portraits", which carried autobiographies of Polish scientists from various disciplines, memoirs were published in the quarterly by eminent historians such as S. Kieniewicz, H. Wereszycki, K. Górski or M. Tyrowicz. These auto- biographies ere of greata importance for researchers of historiography. The authors of the memoirs not only gave interesting accounts of their private lives, but also presented their scholarly evolution and achievements, as well as sketched a picture of the milieu of historians.

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Problematyka historii subdziedziny chemia w latach 1956-2005 na łamach "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki"

Zamecki S.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

143-163

EN

The purpose of the current paper is to give an account ofthe writings of authors who published studies on the history ofthe subfield chemistry in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" in the years 1956-2005. The approach adopted in the paper does make use of the work of authors who devoted their publication to related issues, but is above alI meant to introduce a new dimension with regard to describing writings on the history of the subfield chemistry. The paper covers ali the publications in the field that appeared in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki", according to the sequence in which they were published and the sections in which they appeared in particular issues ofthe quarterly. A general acco- unt ofthe subject-matter of the published materials is given, especiaIly with regard to the studies published in the "Articles" sections. The author ofthe current paper believes that the quantity and quality ofthe writings on the history ofthe subfield chemistry is impres- sive, both with regard to publications by Polish and foreign authors. Predominant among the studies published are those that deal with the intemal history of the subfield chemistry, but there also some studies that form part of the extemal variant of the history of the subfield. Problems of methodology, however, are rather infrequently tackled in the quarterly. Within the internal history of the subfield chemistry, practically all authors are -to grater or lesser extent -influenced by the 'inductive history of science'. It is worth noting that "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" has also published three autobiogra- phies of eminent Polish chemists: Tadeusz Urbański, Wojciech Świętosławski and Zbigniew Ryszard Grabowski, as well as a thematic bloc covering articles on the Polish chemist Wiktor Kemula. A negative aspect of publications on the history of the subfield chemistry has to do with the diminishing number of authors in the area, and especially the lack of young authors who could fili the ever-growing generational gap in this metascience.

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Prace z zakresu dziejów oświaty i wychowania na łamach "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki"

Zasztowt L.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

67-81

EN

Studies on the history of education appeared in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" on a regular basis from the very beginning of its functioning in the second half of the 1950s. This was linked to the academic profile of the journal, among whose interests were also the history of higher education, including the history of tertiary educational institutions and the academic milieu. Much attention in the publications was devoted to the activities and achievements of tertiary schools and their professors, as well as the academic legacy of particular scholars. Finally, the scope of interest of research in the field of history of education crossed the borders of the history of science, and included related topics and issues. In the 1950s the most prominent Polish scholars published their works in the quarterly. Most of them were -broadly speaking -historians of culture, but their strict fascinations were devoted to both history of science and educational history. Among them were renowned figures such as Henryk Barycz, Bogdan Suchodolski, Kazimierz Opałek or Jan Hulewicz, as well as individuals who had just begun to spread their scholarly wings (e.g. Waldemar Voise, Mirosawa Chamcówna or Kamilla Mrozowska). Later the rank of historians cooperating with the joumal was enlarged by new generations, the people wbo entered tbe academic life in tbe 1960s and 1970s, sucb as Tadeusz Bieńkowski, Kalina Bartnicka and Julian Dybiec. This paper presents tbe complex bistory of tbe academic interactions between the history of science and the educational bistory since 1956 until 2004. It analyzes tbe content of tbe joumal from the point of view of the bistory of education, and is based on an overview of articles, studies and materials publisbed in tbe quarterly in tbis period.

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Półwiecze "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki" - spojrzenie biologa

Kuźnicki L.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

83-92

EN

The paper covers only autobiogra- phies and articles published in the quarterly since its beginnings in 1956 until the year 2005. This restriction is due to the fact subject-matter of biology in other sections of the quarterly has been very diverse with regard to content and form, and hence too difficult to describe in a comprehensive way. An especially important role among the quarterly's publications is ascribed by the author of the paper to autobiographies, which he views as having made an original and important contribution to the history of science in Poland. As for articles, their subject-matter centred around the following topics: 1. Evolutlomsm. 2. The contribution ofnatural philosophers and morphologists to the knowledge and interpretation of life phenomena until the middle of 19th century. 3. The history of botany in Poland and in the lands of the First Polish -Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Nad rocznikami "Kwartalnika"

Bieńkowski T.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

37-44

EN

The author of the paper has been a regular reader of "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" ever since its establishment, and as such presents a number of reflections connected with the quarterly's anniversary. Above alI, he concludes that the quarterly has always been of much assistance to young people interested in the history of science, in that it has helped them gain valuable knowledge in the field, and has taught them methods of research and interpretation, by providing very good examples of studies by eminent his- torians of science. The quarterly has also always played an important role in integrating the milieu of historians of science and technology in Poland. The author of the paper mentions a dozen or so articles published in the quarterly that have made a lasting impression on him as a reader.

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Historia medycyny i farmacji na łamach "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki" w latach 1956-2005

Srogosz T.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

93-121

EN

The publications in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" in the years 1956-2005 reflected the state of Polish history of medicine and pharmacy. After the thaw of 1956, a positivist (physician-oriented) current prevailed in such publications, and that tenden- cy grew even stronger in the 1980s. Marxist attempts at writing the history of medicine never gained a dominant position, and a gradual disppearance of that convention could observed from the 1970s onwards. Since 1993, representatives of the antipositivist (humanist) current began to publish in the quarterly, encouraged by a conducive atmosphere in the Institute of the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The history of pharmacy, which at first was present in only negligible quantities among the quarterly's publications, began to make its presence felt since the middle ofthe 1960s. Historians of pharmacy were never engaged in methodological discourse, implementing their own research programmes. The quarterly was held in highly esteemed by the large and institutionalized milieu of historians of medicine, even though other joumals also published studies in the history of medicine and pharmacy. The Editorial Board of the quarterly always took care that the articles and materials should be based on sources and represented high standards of quality; the Board was also open to contributions by rep- resentatives of other disciplines and to new trends in the history of medicine. Although the existing restrictions have reduced the number of potential contributors to the quar- terly who could meet the criteria adopted by the Editorial Board, "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" has, in its fifty years of existence, served as a useful platform for the exchange of scholarly views, for the emergence of new research currents and programmes, and for information on new scienticic publications and events.

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Historia astronomii na łamach "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki" w latach 1956-2005

Roskal Z. E.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

123-142

EN

The current paper deals with publications on the history of astronomy that appeared in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" in the years 1956-2005. The overview of the subject-matter has been made chronologically within three thematic groups: (i) Copernican studies, (ii) Polonica, (iii) Varia. The paper summarizes the main points ofthe published texts. Each of the three thematic groups contains articles that have made an important contribution to the advances in the history of astronomy, but the most significant results were published in the field of Copemican studies. In recent years, the range of topics covered by articles on the history of astronomy in the quarterly has gone far beyond broadly understood Copemican studies, encompassing, for instance, such topics as ancient astronomy.

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Gdy byłam redaktorem naczelnym...

Stasiewicz-Jasiukowa I.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

10-34

EN

The author of the paper was chief editor of "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki" in the years 1975-1987. These were difficult times, encompassing both the period of martial law in Poland and the dynamic years adjacent to it. Yet, paradoxically perhaps, these years were conducive to the development of the quarterly, to the consolidation ofits significant position in the world ofscience, and to the intellectual inspirations ofthe author. There were several factors that contributed to that situation: 1. The quarterly initiated a scheme for the writing and systematic publication of scholarly autobiographies by the most eminent Polish scientists ofthe 20th century. 2. An active intellectual milieu which understood the sense and the social significance of the history of science and technology coalesced around the quarterly, due to -among other things -the so-called autobiographical meetings, which , brought together the scholarly and cultural elite of those times. 3. Every now and then, issues of the quarterly were published in the major international languages, or at least thematic blocs appeared that were written in those languages, and papers by foreign authors translated into Polish were published in the quarterly as well. The author of the current paper describes the context in which some of the autobiographies of eminent scientists (such as Wojciech Świętosławski and Aleksander Wasiutyński) published in the quarterly under her stint as editor had been written and the complications that surrounded their discovery. The paper also contains letters to the author as editor ofthe quarterly. One such letter, which is of very special value, was written by the interntio- nally renowned scholar, Prof. Janusz Groszkowski, who explained why he could not accept the quarterly's invitation to write an autobiography. Other letters, e.g. the letter by Prof. Zdzisław Libera, constitute an interesting supplement to the autobiographies published in the quarterly, supplying information based on first-hand knowledge of their authors. Part of the current paper is devoted to the circumstances surrounding the plan s for publishing the autobiographies that appeared in the quarterly in a four-volume edition by the Młodzieżowa Agencja Wydawnicza (MAW (Youth Publishnig AgencyJ). The first volume, which took very lon g to appear, never found its way to bookshops, but instead was stored for pulping. The second volumes was destroyed even before being bound; there could be no talk of publishing the remaining two volumes, as the publishing house was dissolved. In the last fragment of the paper the author explains the reasons for her decision to resign from the position of chief editor of "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki".

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Dzieje techniki na łamach "Kwartalnika Historii Nauki i Techniki" (1956-2005)

Piłatowicz J.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2006

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R. 51, nr 1

165-193

EN

A major influence on the shape of articles devoted to the history of technology published in "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki", since its establishment in 1956 until the end of 1980s, was exerted by Prof. Eugeniusz Olszewski and Prof. Tadeusz M. Nowak. The former paid attention to the information value of the joumal and the latter was responsible for introducing the section " The state of research on the history of technology in Poland", as well as for the greater coverage of military history of technology in the quarterly. The main themes ofthe articles on the history oftechnology published in the quarterly included the following areas: the subject-matter and the research methods of the history of technology, the relation ofhistory of technology to other scientific disciplines, the characteristic features of the history of technology, biographies of eminent inventors, the contribution of Poles to the development ofworld technology, the state of research on the history of technology and the propects for its development. The articles presented in the quarterly were meant to lead to a synthesis of the history of technology in Poland, but this aim has never been fulfilled. The author of the current paper believes that in the coming years problems are likeIy to appear as far the search for materials on the history oftechnology is concemed, due to the fact that many research institutions dealing with the field have been closed or reduced; there are also fewer young researchers interested in the history of technology. It is therefore necessary to introduce radical changes, such as have been made in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, where national museums of technology have been formed, in which activities concemed with exposition are combined with research.