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A new scheme of the environmental classification standards for the bronze cultural relic's preservation in museums

Li Dandan, Zhou Hao, Xu Fangyuan, Yan Ying, Wu Laiming, Cai Lankun

Environment Protection Engineering

2023

Vol. 49, nr 4

45--59

The environmental risk classification of the metal relics is usually determined by the corrosion rate of the metal but it is difficult to monitor the deterioration of the metal relics directly. A strong relationship exists between indoor exposure, the air quality classification of atmospheric corrosion, and the actual deterioration of metal relics. The copper-silver hanging plate method requires a long period of environmental exposure and has certain hysteresis, thus reflecting the current environmental quality of the museum in real time poses some difficulties. However, the application of the environmental reactivity monitor (ERMs) based on the piezoelectric effect can solve the above problems. The invented quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) reactivity monitoring device is applied to study the influence of temperature and humidity on the corrosion of the bronze-simulated materials and the relationship between the corrosion depth rate of the bronze-simulated materials and the frequency change of the crystal oscillator. Then, the recommended classification range of temperature and humidity and the airquality classification standards for the preservation environment of the bronze cultural relics in museums are proposed.

Construction of a bilirubin biosensor based on an albumin-immobilized quartz crystal microbalance

Kocakulak M., Bayrak T., Saglam S.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2017

Vol. 37, no. 3

611--617

Bilirubin, a bile pigment, is associated with several diseases and systemic pathologies. The measurement of bilirubin is important for diagnosis and therapy, and many expensive methods are used to measure the bilirubin amount in blood. In this study, a new bilirubin biosensor using quartz crystal microbalances immobilized with albumin is proposed. To measure the effectiveness of the biosensor, a series of experiments was realized with various concentrations of bilirubin, including 1 mg/dL, 2 mg/dL, 5 mg/dL and 10 mg/dL. Comparing blood gas analyzers, laboratory analyzers, skin test devices and nonchemical photometric devices, blood gas analyzers have a range of 0.5–35 mg/dL, laboratory analyzers have a range of 0–30 mg/dL, skin test devices could be used up to 11.7 mg/dL, and nonchemical photometric devices could be evaluated as reliable up to 14.6 mg/dL. The low limit range of the bilirubin detection is between 0.099 mg/dL and 0.146 mg/dL for some special commercial bilirubin measurement devices. Nevertheless, this study presents measurements with a high sensitivity and includes the advantage of reusability by using cheaper materials. To prove albumin immobilization and the bilirubin–albumin interaction atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used, and a good correlation was achieved from AFM images. In conclusion, considering the cost-effectiveness side of the proposed method, a low cost and more sensitive bilirubin measurement device which is effective and reusable was developed instead of the current commercial products.

Mikrowaga kwarcowa – platforma do pomiarów biologicznych

Świątkowski M., Waszczuk K., Olszewski J., Gugła G., Drulis-Kawa Z., Gotszalk T.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2010

R. 86, nr 10

96-98

Obok kamertonów kwarcowych i mikromechanicznych belek sprężystych, w Zakładzie Metrologii Mikro- i Nanostruktur Wydziału Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki Politechniki Wrocławskiej prowadzi się badania z zastosowaniem piezoelektrycznych wag kwarcowych. Ich zaletą jest bardzo duża powierzchnia czujnika w porównaniu do czujników mikromechanicznych. Pozwala to, między innymi, na zastosowanie standardowych obecnie technik pracy z mikroorganizmami, takich jak zakładanie hodowli bakterii. W pracy przedstawiona zostanie głowica pomiarowa mikrowag kwarcowych przystosowana do pracy w środowisku cieczowym. Dodatkowo opracowana konstrukcja może być jałowiona w autoklawie, co z punktu widzenia badań mikrobiologicznych stanowi o jej wartości. Zaprezentowane zostaną również wyniki skalowania odpowiedzi czujnika, które zostało przeprowadzone w drodze obserwacji krzywych amplitudowych rezonatora obciążanego znaną masa testową. W badaniach zastosowano etanol, aceton, izopropanol, wodę destylowaną oraz pożywkę bakteriologiczną. W ten sposób możliwe będzie skalowanie elektrycznej odpowiedzi czujnika względem masy adsorbującej się na powierzchni wagi. W skonstruowanym układzie zaobserwowano czułość układu równą 3 ng przy zmianie częstotliwości rezonansowej o 1 Hz. Uzyskane dane wskazują, że opisywana platforma znajdzie zastosowanie do monitorowania obecności bakterii w badanym środowisku.

Nowadays there are being investigated MEMS sensors in biological applications. In our group, there are three types of sensors used, which can be applied for such measurements. These are quartz tuning forks, spring microcantilevers and quartz crystal microbalances (QCM). Main advantage of QCM discs is its large area (about 1cm2), which makes it suitable for standard biological procedures. It is easy to prepare static liquid cell with sensor, which can be filled up with broth and monitor bacteria growth. Presented liquid cell is resistant to sterilization methods, such as autoclaving procedures, which is very important in microbiological applications. In the paper will be presented designed static liquid cell for QCM liquid measurements. Also we will show results of response calibration of the sensor. Procedure involves loading of a known mass onto the sensor surface. Results show that resonance frequency shift of 1 Hz refers to 3 ng of added mass. Obtained results may raise a conclusion that described platform will find an application in monitoring presence of a bacteria in an environment.