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1

Apparent return of free-living Fucus vesiculosus to the Polish Baltic waters

Balazy Piotr, Wiktor Józef, Tatarek Agnieszka, Węsławski Jan Marcin

Oceanologia

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2024

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Vol. 66 (2)

424--428

EN

The underwater meadows of the Puck Bay, once thriving with eelgrass Zostera marina, bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus and black carrageen Furcellaria lumbricalis, experienced a decline in water quality during the 1960s and 1970s due to untreated sewage pollution. This, together with commercial exploitation, led to the disappearance of bladderwrack in 1977, with unsuccessful attempts at reintroduction in the early 2000s. In December 2023, a SCUBA survey near Rzucewo revealed a numerous bladderwrack in a benthic free-living form after 46 years of absence. The algae were found between 1.7 and 2.7 m depth, loosely positioned on the seabed, often within Z. marina beds, and with blue mussels Mytilus edulis attached. This reappearance suggests a positive trend in seawater quality and overall state of the Puck Bay, especially when combined with recent recovery of other algae species. The apparent return of bladderwrack could enhance ecosystem functionality, benefiting fish recruitment, grazer and algal biomass. Further investigations on bladderwrack's reappearance are needed in order to verify whether this is the only ecotype currently present in the Puck Bay.

2

Bezpośrednie pomiary podmorskiego zasilania wodami podziemnymi Zatoki Puckiej

Bublijewska E., Łęczyński L., Marciniak M., Chudziak Ł., Kłostowska Ż., Zarzeczańska D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1173--1178

EN

Fresh water accumulated beneath the sea floor may flow through sediments into the sea water. This process, opposite to infiltration, is called Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD). The Southern Baltic Sea coastal zone represents an interesting object of study because its bottom deposits show seepages of fresh groundwater. The study involved Puck Bay and the adjacent coastal belt of the Kashubian Coast plateau. Research of potential outflows of fresh groundwater was done through a thermal imaging of the study area. An articulate thermal anomaly allowed predetermining the location of research points. Groundwater outflows in the seabed were confirmed by measurements of chloride content and electrical conductivity of water samples. The paper presents two new devices: a filtrometer that enables measurement of water filtration intensity during drainage, and a gradientmeter that measures the hydraulic gradient. The use of both devices allows determination of the in situ hydraulic conductivity. Results of the research have shown relationships between fresh groundwater and the sea-bottom sediments.

3

Transport of the river load from the Błądzikowski stream to the puck lagoon (southern Baltic Sea, Poland) [commun.]

Damaszke M., Szymczak E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 2

216-224

EN

The main aim of this study was to determine the size of the load carried by the Błądzikowski Stream and discharged into the Puck Lagoon, and the role of the river load in the formation of the sea bed deposits at the stream mouth. The Błądzikowski Stream, with the length of only 10 km, discharges about 610 tons of sediment into the Puck Lagoon per year, including 89.8% (548 tons) of the bed load and 10.2% (62 tons) of the suspended load. The amount is 4.9% of the river load discharged into the Puck Lagoon. Mineral particles are more common in the composition of the river load and account for 94.6% of the suspended load and 98.7% of the bed load. It is mainly the bed load deposited in the estuarine area that creates a contemporary underwater accumulation form in the Puck Lagoon, which is corroborated by the granulometric composition of the channel and surface sediments; the suspended load is carried further into the Lagoon.

4

The transport and distribution of the river load from the Reda River into the Puck Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea, Poland)

Szymczak E., Piekarek-Jankowska H.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.1

103-124

EN

The main aim of this study was to determine the size of the load carried by the Reda River that was discharged into the sea and the load distribution on the bottom of the Puck Lagoon. Water exchange with the open sea was limited in this shallow reservoir where the average depth was 3.13 m. The input of material was dominated by river transport, whereas abrasion and aeolian processes were insignificant in the total sediment inflow. The Reda River, one of the main rivers flowing into the lagoon, is 44.9 km long and has a catchment area of 485.2 km2. The investigations were conducted between 2001 and 2004 at the Mrzezino hydrological cross-section and at the river mouth in the Puck Lagoon. The study demonstrated that the Reda River discharged annually approximately 9,900 tons of sediments into the Puck Lagoon, 73% of which was the bed load that in the final course of the river created an underwater accumulation form. The granulometric composition of the deltaic deposits, similar to the bed load, was dominated by coarse-grained sand fractions. The proportion of the aleurolite and pelite fraction was insignificant at less than 1%. The suspended sediment was composed of particles that ranged in size from 0.00045 mm to 0.25 m. Mineral particles were more common than organic ones in the load discharged by the Reda River into the Puck Lagoon and constituted 99% of the bed load.

5

Procesy aktywizujące degradację wybrzeża klifowego Zalewu Puckiego

Zaleszkiewicz L., Koszka-Maroń D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 1

55--62

EN

The western cliff coast of Puck Lagoon has a lentgh of 7900 m. Its development proceeds as a result of processes of desintegration, denudation and marine erosion. The mass movement getting on depends on kind of sediment, geometry of slope and plant cover. Earth fall and talus accumulation prevail. As an effect of this processes, the cliff retreats in the form of small wastes.

6

The results of palynological investigations as the evidence of development of the Rzucewo Culture neolithic settlement on the coast of the Puck Lagoon

Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Król D.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 16

65--70

EN

Archaeological investigations have been performed for years in the vicinity of the Rzucewo Headland, on the western shore of the Puck Lagoon. The best known site of the Neolithic Rzucewo Culture is located there. Also palynological investigation was performed earlier in this area. The present article is an attempt at recapitulating the obtained information. Materials for the palynological tests came both from organic sediments, which occur on the shore of the present Lagoon, and directly from archaeological excavations. The obtained results of both the palynological and archaeological tests made it possible to find out that the earliest traces of the economic activity of humans in this area belong to settlement which was earlier than that of the Rzucewo Culture. This Paraneolithic settlement is dated at the end of the Atlantic Period. The area under investigation was covered then by peatlands and lake, which determined that the main economic activity of humans was fishing, and animal husbandry done on a small scale was only an extra activity of the then population. Archaeologically dated at 4400-3700 years BP, the settlement of the Rzucewo Culture developed when the sea transgressed into the area of the present Puck Lagoon. The results of the research shows that in the economic activity of the inhabitants of the settlement both animal husbandry and farming were treated as matters of secondary importance, while fishing and seal hunting were the main activities. The impact on the environment resembled Mesolithic economy rather than that of the Neolithic Age, hence traces of this activity are poorly visible in pollen diagrams.

PL

W okolicy Cypla Rzucewskiego, na zachodnim brzegu Zalewu Puckiego, jest zlokalizowane najbardziej znane stanowisko neolitycznej kultury rzucewskiej, na którym od wielu lat są prowadzone badania archeologiczne, od kilku lat również badania palinologiczne. Materiał do badań palinologicznych stanowiły osady organiczne występujące w strefie brzegowej obecnej laguny, jak i próbki osadów pobrane bezpośrednio z wykopów archeologicznych.Wyniki zarówno badań palinologicznych, jak i archeologicznych wskazały na ślady osadnictwa wcześniejsze niż kultura rzucewska. Ta wcześniejsza faza, związana z osadnictwem preneolitycznym, jest datowana palinologicznie na koniec okresu atlantyckiego. Teren badań zajmowały wówczas torfowiska i jeziora, co decydowało o tym, że głównym zajęciem ludzi było rybołówstwo. Prowadzona na niewielką skalę hodowla bydła była zajęciem dodatkowym.Osadnictwo kultury rzucewskiej, datowane archeologicznie na 4400-3700 lat BP, rozwijało się w czasie, gdy na obszar obecnego Zalewu Puckiego transgredowało morze. Jednak i w tym przypadku wyniki badań palinologicznych wskazują, że zarówno hodowla, jak i uprawa roli były zajęciami mniejszej rangi. Głównymi zajęciami gospodarczymi było rybołówstwo i polowanie na foki. Taki typ gospodarki, przypominający bardziej gospodarkę mezolityczną niż neolityczną, słabo zaznacza się na diagramach pyłkowych.

7

Water cooling, ice formation and some physical properties of sea ice in Puck Lagoon

Urbański J.A.

Oceanological Studies

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2001

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Vol. 30, No. 1-2

87-98

EN

In Puck Lagoon the net long-wave radiation is the dominant heat flux causing water to cool during winter. Ice formation depends mainly on wind conditions. Since the temperature of Puck Lagoon ice is almost always higher than -8°C, solid salt crystals are not present in the ice. The mean salinity of the sea ice is 1.57 psu with a maximum of 4.84 psu. The ice porosity ranges from 0.3% to 7.7% and strongly influences the thermal conductivity of the sea ice in Puck Lagoon. Puck Lagoon is situated in the shallow western part of the Gulf of Gdansk and is about 100 km2 in area. The mean depth is 3.5 m and the salinity can approach 8 psu. The total range of the instantaneous water level is about 1 m. Sea ice forms in Puck Lagoon every year. From 1950 to 1990 there was ice cover on an average of 60-80 days (Szefler 1993). Long periods of fast ice (about 70 days) are typical in this area. The mean date of the first ice in the lagoon is 15 December. The thickness of this first ice increases until March, the average maximum thickness being about 30 cm.