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Phenology of the Alien Invasive Plant Species Prosopis juliflora in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas in Response to Climate Variability and Some Perspectives for Its Control in Ethiopia

Shiferaw Wakshum, Bekele Tamrat, Demissew Sebsebe, Aynekulu Ermias

Polish Journal of Ecology

2020

Vol. 68, nr 1

37--46

This study aims to (i) evaluate the phenology of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis), (ii) investigate the effects of climate variability (temperature and precipitation) on the phenology of Prosopis, and (iii) assess the critical months of seed dispersal for the species management. Monthly data for phenology events: leafing, flowering, green and mature pods were collected from 8 stems of Prosopis trees at each of two localities in Ethiopia during 2016/2017. In Amibara district we found that relative abundances of green leaves, flowering, green pods, and mature pods were 91, 15, 9, and 2% in order. However, these were less than by 8, 53, 91, and 90%, respectively in Awash Fenatle district. The lowest proportions of mature and green pods were recorded in the dry season and the highest in the spring season. We recorded the highest and lowest relative abundances of flowering between November and December, and January and February, respectively. In this study, both temperature (F = 2.01, P = 0.04) and precipitation (F = 2.85, P = 0.01) had shown significant effects on the relative abundances of green leaves but insignificant effects on other phenology stages. Higher green leaf abundances were recorded during high rainfall, whereas lower abundances of leaves were recorded in high temperatures. But, the relative abundances of Prosopis leaves showed inconsistent with the variations of precipitation. Thus, awareness creation for stake holders about the phenology calendar of Prosopis should be given to abandon the invasiveness of the species towards the prime grazing lands in the region.

Water requirements of two landscape tree species Prosopis glandulosa (D.C.) and Conocarpus erectus (L.) grown in arid regions

Moftah A., Al-Ghanim W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2008

Vol. 56, nr 2

217-226

Six-month-old honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa DC) and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) tree seedlings were grown under different soil water potentials ([psi]soil) in order to determine the minimum soil water potential at which both species can survive and grow fairly well, and to study the soil-plant water relationship at different irrigation regimes. The results showed that growth of Prosopis was not affected significantly until soil water potential was lower than -0.12MPa, while growth of Conocarpus seedlings was affected at water potential of about -0.08MPa, below which, plant height, leaf area and shoot and root dry weights were severely reduced by soil water deficit. Water stress decreased osmotic potential ([psi][pi]) of leaves and roots of both species, however the decrease in [psi][pi] of Conocarpus leaves and roots were much more pronounced (10.15%, resp.) than that of Prosopis. Leaves tended to osmoregulate their cell sap through osmotic adjustment as their content of soluble sugars increased, which occurred in Prosopis at water stress higher than that needed for Conocarpus. The satisfying survival under low [psi]soil could be related to increased osmotic adjustment. [psi]soil values seem to be a more useful tool than the field capacity values to estimate plant water requirements and can be used over an extended period of time, for plant grown under different soil types and different environmental conditions. The study indicates that Conocarpus seedlings can withstand reasonable water stress and can survive at moderately low water potential, but can not be classified as a high drought tolerant or resistant species, while Prosopis can survive at an extremely low water potential and may be classified as a drought tolerant species.