Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the possibility of introducing vacuum carburising technology with pre-nitriding in the aviation industry. Design/methodology/approach: The samples have been tested with new technology and the planet gear requirements for aviation applications were determined. The effect of pre-nitriding technology used before vacuum carburising was also investigated for antidiffusional surface protection. A cost analysis of replacing the conventional technology with a new low-pressure carburising technology has also been introduced. Findings: Structural characteristics of the obtained layers were determined in terms of carbon concentration distribution, effective and total thicknesses, hardness of the surface and core, structure, grain size, residual austenite content and lack of decarburization and internal oxidation. The degree of degradation of various forms of anti-diffusion protections in the form of pastes and coppering and their effect on the surface layer have also been investigated. The comparative economic analysis of the use of conventional and vacuum technologies, namely the carburization in a function of the required thickness of the hardened layer and temperatures of processes, has also been made. Research limitations/implications: Basing on the studies and analyses carried out in this work, it can be concluded that the introduction of pre-nitriding carburising technology instead of conventional carburising technology in endothermic atmosphere is justified qualitatively and economically alike. Practical implications: The analysis of the test results confirms that it is possible to meet the requirements of the aviation industry through high temperature pre-nitriding vacuum carburising. The results of anti-diffusion protection tests confirm that it is possible to use anti-fouling pastes instead of electrolytic copper. Cost analysis confirms the economic benefits of implementing a new technology. The implication of the above is the willingness of the proposed technology to allow testing in the aviation industry. Originality/value: The research confirming the fulfilment of quality requirements set for hardened layers in aviation applications which also have an economic advantage.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wybranych gatunków stali do nawęglania zmodyfikowanych opracowaną w Instytucie Inżynierii Materiałowej PŁ, opatentowaną technologią nawęglania próżniowego z przedazotowaniem - - PreNitLPCR. Badania przeprowadzone zostały pod kątem wykorzystania wybranych podłoży stalowych w konstrukcjach nowoczesnych przekładni zębatych stosowanych w lotnictwie. Przedmiotem badań były próbki wykonane z następujących materiałów: FERRIUM C61 według US Patent 6.176.946; stal 8620 według SAE J404, stal EN39B według BS970-1 (zbliżona do 15NiCrMo) oraz stal 20H2N4A według PN/H 84035. Uzyskane technologiczne warstwy wierzchnie poddano następującym badaniom: - określenie twardości powierzchniowej i rdzenia metodą Vickersa, - określenie struktury warstwy przypowierzchniowej oraz struktury rdzenia z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii świetlnej, - określenie grubości warstwy metodą metalograficzną, - określenie profilu węgla w warstwie nawęglonej z wykorzystaniem optycznej spektrometrii emisyjnej, - określenie efektywnej grubości warstwy nawęglanej, - określenie zawartości austenitu szczątkowego w warstwie przypowierzchniowej metodą analizy obrazu, - określenie właściwości tribologicznych metodą pin on disc. Wyniki badań potwierdziły korzystny wpływ technologii PreNitLPCR na strukturę i właściwości zmodyfikowanych warstw powierzchniowych.
EN
The results of research on selected steel for carburizing are presented in this paper. The substrates were modified by patented, elaborated in Institute of Material Science of Technical University of Lodz, Poland, method of carburizing with preliminary nitriding PreNitLPCR. Researches were conducted with emphasis on application of heat treated substrates in modern aircraft gear transmissions. Samples made of following materials were the subject of researches: FERRIUM C61 in accordance with US Patent 6.176.946; steel 8620 in accordance with SAE J404, steel EN39B in accordance with BS970-1 and steel 20H2N4A in accordance with PN/H 84035. Samples made of investigated grades in shape of discs of dimensions O25,4×10 mm underwent the PreNitLPCR process in vacuum furnace 16.0VPT-4022/24 IQN delivered by Seco/Warwick Poland. Modified substrates underwent following researches: - determination of surface hardens by Vickers method at load 50 N and matching Rockwell hardness mean value, characterization of near surface and core structures by light microscopy , - determination of case depth by metallographic observation, - quantification of carbon profile along case depth by GDOES, - determination of effective case depth with 0.4% carbon criterion, - quantification of retained austenite content by image analysis, - tribological characterization of layers by "pin on disc" method.
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