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Bilans wodny (1987-1990) zlewni krasowej potoku Sąspówka (13,6 km2) w Ojcowskim Parku Narodowym

Suliński J., Owsiak K., Sułkowski S.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

2005

R. 102, z. 10-Ś

119--131

Sąspówka is a right-hand side tributary of the Prądnik River in the Ojców National Park. This catchment is characterized by several features which could substantially influence its water balance: the upper part of the catchment, located in a plateau, is utilized for agriculture, while he lower part consists of steep slopes, largeIy covered by forests (Fig. I, Tab. I). The topic of this paper is developing a crude water balance for the entire catchment and for its parts; upper one and lower one, the latter one treated as a difference between entire catchment and the upper part. The detailed goals of this study were: presentation of the basic features of the water balance for different parts of the catchment and comparison of the balances for the forested and non-forested parts of the catchment [8]. The climate of the study area was characterized on the basis of data from climatic stations in Kraków and in Olkusz. In both stations precipitation is usually larger the evaporation.In Kraków for 19 analyzed years oni y in 7 the precipitation was lower than the potential evaporation; the situation in Olkusz (Fig. 2) was similar [8]. During this study, the first and third year were drier than the average, while the second year was very close to mean values. AlI components of the water balance were calculated as mean monthly values for the entire catchment and for its parts - the forested and non-forested ones (Tab. 3). The water losses (evaporation form the catchment area and runoff outside the main river bed) were calculated on the basis of the balance equation. The water losses were not correlated with the evaporation estimated on the basis of measurements conducted with the Piche's evaporimeter; we can assume this to be a characteristic feature of the karst regions (Fig. 4). Taking that into account, we can reasonably assume that mean monthly runoffs from the forested and non-forested parts of the catchment are not correlated (Fig. 5).Thus, the much larger runoff from the forested part of the catchment should be interpreted rather as a product of many additional water springs, located along the stream bed in the lower part of the valley and fed with the water infiltrating in the upper part of the catchment deep into the bedrock, than as a result of differences in land use between two parts of the catchment. In comparative studies on the influence of forest cover upon the amount and dynamics of water runoff from a catchment the effect of the leak tightness of the catchment upon the study results is usually underestimated. That was clearly shown in this study, conducted in a karst type catchment.