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EN
The process of global sea level rise is causing several significant changes in the coastal zone. Sea level rise and the frequency, strength and duration of storms are also occurring on the Polish coast. As a result, coastal protection measures, such as man-made engineering structure, are necessary. These engineering structures affect (among others) the marine ecosystem in different ways. Although the presence of such engineering structures can cause changes in the bathymetry of waterbody and the transport of sediments along the basin, it also slows down the erosion of the shoreline. For this reason, comprehensive knowledge of natural conditions, including dynamic and variable factors, is essential in the construction of a hydro-engineering structures. The correct determination of the environmental conditions helps to minimize environmental damage. Prior to interventions on the coast, the issues addressed in the paper should be analysed and studied. In this paper, the influence of shoreline structures on the main factors responsible for the development of tombolo phenomenon is discussed. In addition, the lithological diversity of surface sediments on which the rate of coastal erosion depends, is also discussed. An important element of the work is the descriptions of tombolo in Poland. They contain information on the causes of the phenomenon, as well as about the negative consequences of a disturbance of the hydrodynamic dynamics caused by the structure.
EN
The port areas are specific in terms of navigational accidents. Usually, accidents with low consequences dominate, but due to many users with contradictory needs, there is a requirement to keep the balance between business and safety. This balance is usually achieved by the Port Authority or like in Poland by Maritime Office together with Port Authority. Maritime Offices are the governmental body responsible to maintain the acceptable navigational safety level. Such an approach leads to several frictions between the users that needs are often contradictory. To ensure minimal safety level and introduce new or amended port regulations the scientific methods are demanded to support this process. The paper present methodology to adjust the port regulations of Kołobrzeg Port where the passenger ship owners moored in close vicinity of the waterway and therefore restricted it to the other users. The compromise was achieved with the application of real-time simulation method. Moreover, the paper presents the important role of harbor regulations in whole navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on good practice of pilots and experts, whereas the quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how the quantitative risk assessment could be used in port policy development.
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