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Presence, concentrations and risk assessment of dioxins in bottom sediments of Port of Gdynia

Dereszewska Alina, Krasowska Katarzyna, Popek Marzenna

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2023

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

59--68

EN

The risk associated with the exposure of humans and the environment to the impact of toxic compounds such as dioxins is associated with a number of factors such as: the level of contamination, environmental conditions and the dynamics of the food chain. The aim of the study is to provide a primary understanding of the risk of dioxins pollution in bottom sediments of the Port of Gdynia. The research was conducted to obtain data on the presence, concentration and risk assessment of PCDD/Fs in the bottom sediments of the Port of Gdynia. Sediments from five port basins were analyzed by GC-MS/MS and all PCDD/Fs congeners, capable of accumulating in fat cells of organisms, were detected in them. PCDD congeners dominated in the sediments. The highest concentration (902 ng/kg d.w.) was obtained for OCDD, dioxin with the lowest toxicity factor. The concentration of all 17 dioxin congeners (WHO-TEQ) ranged from 0.9 to 9.5 ngTEQ/kg d.w. Thus, bottom sediments from examined zones of port basins do not have a negative impact on the environment.

2

Budowa Portu Zewnętrznego w Gdyni jako szansa na rozwój przewozów kontenerowych w Polsce

Miszewski Paweł

Transport Przemysłowy i Maszyny Robocze

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2019

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Nr 1

79--82

PL

Celem artykułu jest określić czy działalność Portu Zewnętrznego przyczyni się do zwiększenia wolumenu kontenerów przeładowywanych w polskich portach. Na wstępie przedstawiono powód, dla którego podjęto decyzję o budowie Portu Zewnętrznego. W pierwszym rozdziale zaprezentowano historię konteneryzacji oraz obecne realia towarzyszące przewozom kontenerowym w Polsce i na świecie. Następnie zdefiniowano czym jest port i terminal kontenerowy. Określono rolę terminali kontenerowych we współczesnym handlu światowym oraz sposób ich współdziałania. Opisano inwestycje, które mają lub prawdopodobnie będą mieć miejsce w Porcie Gdynia. Na koniec poddano analizie projekt budowy Portu Zewnętrznego pod kątem przeładunku kontenerów.

EN

The aim of the article is to determine if activity of the External Port will contribute to increase the numer of containers passing through the Polish ports. The introduction shows the reason why decision of building the External Port was made. First chapter shows the history of containerization and present-day reality of container transport in Poland and the world. Then it is define what is a port and container terminal. Next, the role of container terminals in modern world trade and the way of their cooperation was determined. The article describes the investments that take, or probably will take place, in the Port of Gdynia. In the end project of building the External Port was analyzed in terms of containers flow.

3

Comparative analysis of ports practices and activities in the Tri-City and China

Ziemska M., Płodzik E., Falkowska M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 3

641--646

EN

The following article presents a comparative analysis of the operation of Polish ports in the Tri-City as well as the characteristics of the most prosperous Chinese ports. The comparison of such unreasonably different size ports aims at directing Polish ports to development opportunities in order to achieve trans-shipment and development growth. The change in how cargo management in an area remote from the port affects the work of the city and the port itself may suggest changes in the management of the current situation.

4

Planned Concept of Central and External Port as an Opportunity for the Development of Tricity's Seaports in Poland

Cieczko M., Myszka A., Kaizer A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2018

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nr 107

9--24

EN

One of the main determinants of the international status of a seaport is its capacity to handle the largest possible quantities of cargo carried by the largest vessels. A successful seaport is one where trans-shipments are handled by qualified personnel and where excellent facilities are available to ensure that the cargo delivered to the port can be delivered to its destination using the largest possible selection of various modes of transport. A successful seaport should be extended in size to be able to cater for an increasing number of ships at the same time. All these factors can help make seaports more competitive. The largest of Poland’s seaports, namely the Port of Gdańsk and the Port of Gdynia, are trying to reach the status of being ranked among Europe’s best ports. This goal can only be achieved through new ideas and new investment projects. Two projects are planned as a way to stimulate the development of Poland’s seaports: the Central Port at the Port of Gdańsk and the External Port at the Port of Gdynia. These projects will help strengthen the position of Tricity’s seaports in the international arena.

PL

Jedną z głównych cech determinujących pozycję portu na arenie międzynarodowej są jego parametry umożliwiające przeładunek jak największej ilości ładunków przewożonych przez jak największe jednostki pływające. Największe z polskich portów – Gdańsk i Gdynia – walczą o status jednych z najlepszych w Europie. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, każdy z portów wymaga nowych koncepcji, co prowadzi do szeregu inwestycji. Powstały dwa projekty umożliwiające portom rozwój. W porcie gdańskim powstanie Port Centralny, natomiast w Gdyni – Port Zewnętrzny. Zrealizowanie tych projektów wzmocni pozycję portów trójmiejskich na arenie międzynarodowej.

5

Comparison of the Calculated Wind Loads to the Power Generated by the Main Propulsion and Thrusters of the Ship with the Results of Simulation Tests

Formela K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 2

315--319

EN

One of the main factors affecting the safe port maneuvers by ships is wind, which directly affects the ship's movement. The article presents a comparison of calculated wind loads to the power generated by thrusters and the main propulsion of the ship with the results of simulation tests in order to determine the safe wind force limits allowing safe port maneuvers with a particular ship model.

6

New data on benthic Naididae (Annelida, Clitellata) in Polish brackish waters

Marszewska L., Dumnicka E., Normant-Saremba M.

Oceanologia

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2017

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No. 59 (1)

81--84

EN

This paper presents new findings on oligochaete species inhabiting Polish brackish waters. Identification of 455 specimens collected in September 2013 and July 2014 during the macrozoobenthos survey in the Port of Gdynia (the Gulf of Gdańsk, the southern Baltic Sea, Poland) showed the presence of six species belonging to two subfamilies Naidinae and Tubificinae.

7

Wybrane aspekty w zakresie transportu morskiego w Polsce

Zielińska E.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 6

1309--1313, CD

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono sytuację transportu morskiego w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 2013-2015. Charakterystyce poddano cztery najważniejsze porty morskie w Gdańsku, Gdyni, Szczecinie i w Świnoujściu w zakresie, m.in. ilości przetransportowanych ładunków oraz ilości statków wpływających do nich. Wymieniono typy statków, które wykorzystywane są w Polsce do przewozów ładunków i pasażerów, podano ich wiek oraz przeznaczenie. Przedstawiono również dane dotyczące ilości przewiezionych ładunków i osób w krajach UE, które są najbardziej rozwinięte w zakresie żeglugi morskiej i porównano z sytuacją w Polsce.

EN

This article described the situation of maritime transport in Poland over the years from 2013 to 2015. The description covered four most significant seaports, i.e. in Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, and in Swinoujscie in respect of, among others, the share of freight transported and the number of ships entering the ports. Types of ships which are used in Poland for carrying freight and passengers were listed, and ships’ age and purpose were provided. The data on the share of freight and passengers carried in the EU countries which are the most developed in terms of sea transport were presented and compared to the situation in Poland.

8

Port of Gdańsk and Port of Gdynia’s exposure to threats resulting from storm extremes

Cieślikiewicz W., Dudkowska A., Gic-Grusza G.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 1

29--36

EN

This study is intended to make a first estimate of the exposure of the two Polish largest ports – Gdańsk and Gdynia, localized in the Gulf of Gdańsk – to threats from storm extremes. These ports are elements of the Polish critical infrastructure and presented analysis is one of the tasks related to critical infrastructure protection. Hypothetical extreme meteorological conditions have been defined based on 138-year NOAA data and assumed wave fields for those conditions have been generated. Using HIPOCAS project database the 21 extreme historical storms over the period 1958–2001 were selected to simulate realistic conditions in the vicinity of the ports. The highest significant wave height was found to be nearly 4 m in the vicinity of Port of Gdańsk and nearly 2 m in the vicinity of Port of Gdynia. A future intensification of these wave conditions should be considered due to the climate change and sea level rise.

9

Powiązanie strategii Portu Gdynia z dokumentami strategicznymi na szczeblu europejskim, krajowym, regionalnym i miejskim

Kaszuba A.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

777--784, CD 2

PL

W artykule wskazano na istotne powiązania między założeniami określonymi w Strategii rozwoju Portu Gdynia, a kluczowymi dokumentami odnoszącymi się do portów morskich oraz rynku transportowego. Dokonano analizy głównych dokumentów o randze europejskiej, krajowej, regionalnej i miejskiej. Wsparcie Strategii rozwoju Portu Gdynia przez zapisy zawarte w przeanalizowanych w artykule dokumentach jest konieczne dla sprawnego realizowania inwestycji infrastrukturalnych i wprowadzania zmian organizacyjnych w funkcjonowaniu Portu Gdynia

EN

The article pointed out the important links between principles set out in the Strategy of the Port of Gdynia and key documents relating to seaports and transport market. The article analyzed the main documents at european, regional and municipal level. Support the Strategy of the Port of Gdynia by the provisions contained in analyzed documents is necessary for the efficient execution of infrastructure investments and changes organizational in the Port of Gdynia.

10

Aspects of Pollution in Gdansk and Gdynia Harbours at the Coastal Zone of the South Baltic Sea

Radke B., Piketh S., Wasik A., Namieśnik J., Dembska G., Bolałek J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2013

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Vol. 7, no. 1

11--18

EN

Organotin compounds (OTC), as well as metals, are toxic to many organisms. Even at very low concentrations OTC and metals can have several negative effects. The paper discusses key issues relating to the location of harbours in the coastal zone (including near the river mouths and semi‐closed access to the sea) and the pollution of harbour sediments with heavy metals (e.g. zinc, copper, nickel and lead) and organotin derivatives (e.g. butyltin, phenyltin, octyltin, and tricyclohexyltin), using the examples of the Gdańsk and Gdynia ports. The authors have described key spatial factors of the two ports which largely determine sedimentation processes. It has been shown that the heavy metals content in the sediments of the Port of Gdańsk does not exceed the concentration values permitted by Polish law, however, the problem with the establishment of standard concentration levels for organotin derivatives remains.

11

Badania oddziaływania sterów strumieniowych na nabrzeże w rejonie cumowania statków samodzielnie manewrujących

Abramowicz-Gerigk T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2011

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nr 69

7-14

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wstępne wyniki badań w skali rzeczywistej oddziaływania na nabrzeże sterów strumieniowych statku. Omówiono system pomiarowy zainstalowany na nabrzeżu promowym w Porcie Gdynia i dokonano analizy przeprowadzonych pomiarów. Opisano model oddziaływania sterów strumieniowych na nabrzeże i dno w rejonie cumowania statku w zależności od warunków pogodowych.

EN

The paper presents the results of preliminary real scale investigations on the influence of vessel thrusters on the quay wall. The measurement system installed in the ferry terminal in Port of Gdynia and the results of the measurements carried out are described. The prediction model of bow thrusters' reaction on the quay wall in dependence on weather conditions has been described.

12

Określenie bezpiecznej odległości podczas wyprzedzania statku nieodpowiadającego za swoje ruchy na torze podejściowym do portu Gdynia

Lizakowski P.

Prace Wydziału Nawigacyjnego Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2006

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Z. 18

89-96

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wyznaczenie bezpiecznej odległości, czyli momentu w którym należy rozpocząć zmianę kursu statku poprzez wychylenie płetwy steru o zadaną wartość tak, aby bezpiecznie wyprzedzić statek nieodpowiadający za swoje ruchy i nie wyjść poza granicę toru podejściowego do portu Gdynia (z prawej strony). Badania przeprowadzono na symulatorze manewrowym VSHIP 2000.

EN

The purpose of this article is determination of safe distance to begin course alteration at assigned rudder angles in order to overtake a ship not under command within the limits of traffic lane to port of Gdynia. This research was performed on manoeuvering simulator VISHIP 2000.

13

Planning of functional/spatial development of the ports in Gdańsk and Gdynia

Szwankowski S.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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1998

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Vol. 25, No. 1

5--13

EN

Transformation of Polish economy and of its environment, especially of the Central and East European countries, is strongly reflected in port economy. Polish ports found themselves faced by the necessity of finding solutions to many strategic problems, resulting from new conditions of functioning and development. The result is that structural changes in port management are needed, and that directions of spatial development of each of the ports have to be formulated. In the last years, research and conceptual studies concerning the functional/spatial development of each of the ports have been started. One concerns a new plan of port area development for the Port of Gdynia, the other is the Master Plan for the port/industrial areas of the Port of Gdańsk.