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Effectiveness of Absorbing Microwaves by the Multimaterial Sodium Silicate Base Sand - PLA (Polylactide) Mould Wall Systems

Stachowicz Mateusz

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2023

Vol. 23, iss. 3

30--37

In the paper presented are results of a research on effectiveness of absorbing electromagnetic waves at frequency 2.45 GHz by unhardened sodium silicate base sands (SSBS) prepared of high-silica base sand and a PLA (Polylactide) 3D-prited (3DP) mould walls. Measurements of power loss of microwave radiation (Pin) expressed by a total of absorbed power (Pabs), output power (Pout) and reflected power (Pref) were carried-out on a stand of semiautomatic microwave slot line for determining balance of microwave power emitted into selected multimaterial systems. Values of microwave power loss in the rectangular waveguide filled with unhardened moulding sands and prepared by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 5 mm polylactide (PLA) walls with grid infill density from 25% to c.a. 100% served for determining effectiveness of microwave heating. Balance of microwave power loss is of technological importance for microwave manufacture of high quality casting sand moulds and cores in possibility of use 3D-printed mould tools and core boxes. It was found that apparent density of SSBS placed in a waveguide with PLA walls influences parameters of power output (Pout) and power reflected (Pref). The PLA wall position and grid infill density were identified to have a limited effect on effectiveness of absorbing microwaves (Pabs).

An eco-friendly strategy using flax/polylactide composite to tackle the marine invasive sponge Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides (Burton, 1935)

Gentric Charline, Sauleau Pierre

Oceanologia

2019

No. 61 (2)

218--226

Discovered in the 1990s in the river of Etel (Morbihan, France), the marine invasive sponge Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides originating from the Chinese Yellow Sea is now well implanted on concrete pilings inside the Etel marina (Morbihan, France). Novel eco-friendly strategies are urgently needed in order to limit its adhesion on concrete and the risk of dispersal outside the marina. In this study, the anti-settlement and anti-attachment properties of flax/PLA, a biocomposite made of polylactide reinforced with flax fibres, were evaluated on sponge propagules' behaviour. First, flax/PLA panels were immersed into the Etel marina for six years. The coverage onto PLA panels of marine invertebrates was estimated twice a year. In a second step, PLA panels were used as artificial support for invasive sponge transplants. In comparison, specimens were transplanted in mesh bags. Sponge weight increase was measured twice a year. Results indicated that the occurrence of the invasive sponge was delayed for two years on biocomposite in comparison with concrete. At the end of the six-year study, macrofouling by marine invertebrates did not exceed 70% of the surface of the panels and no C. ciocalyptoides specimens were observed. Once transplanted on PLA panels, sponge specimens were able to survive the first year without growing. After two years, none of the transplants survived while specimens in mesh bags increased their weight by 100%. These findings highlight the potential interest of biocomposite in the development of coastal and marine infrastructures.