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Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Sediment, and Polychaeta (Neoleanira Tetragona) from Coastal Areas Affected by Aquaculture, Urban Rivers, and Ports in South Sumatra

Rozirwan, Az-Zahrah Shahnaz Ajeng Fatimah, Khotimah Nadila Nur, Nugroho Redho Yoga, Putri Wike Ayu Eka, Fauziyah, Melki, Agustriani Fitri, Siregar Yusni Ikhwan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

303--319

EN

Industrial activities in coastal areas can produce pollutant substances that are detrimental to the ecological environment. This study aimed to assess the ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in water, sediments, and polychaeta (Neoleanira tetragona) affected by aquaculture, urban rivers, and ports. Water parameters such as temperature, DO, pH, and salinity were measured in situ at fifteen observation stations. Samples were taken at three locations around the aquaculture area, namely the Barong River, the Musi River Estuary as an urban river area, and Tanjung Api-api port in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Analysis of sediment grain size and substrate types using the method of Shepard’s triangle Heavy metal concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey statistical analysis. Ecological risk assessment uses the bioconcentration factor (BCF), index geoaccumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and pollution load index (PLI). Based on the results, the concentration of heavy metal Pb in water was not detected until 0.625 mg/L, and Cu was not detected. Furthermore, Pb in sediments was 1.261–11.070 mg/kg, Cu was 0.193–19.300 mg/kg, Pb polychaeta was not detected until 0.0044 mg/kg, and Cu ranged from 0.0003–0.0014 mg/kg. Ecological risk assessment for BCF showed that the level of accumulation of polychaeta (N. tetragona) was categorized as an excluder (BCF < 1). Igeo and Cf indicate uncontaminated pollution levels (Igeo < 0) and low contamination (Cf < 1). Meanwhile, the Pollution Load Index is included in the nonpolluted category (PLI <0). Based on the results, the quality of the ecological environment affected by aquaculture, urban rivers, and ports is still classified as safe for ecological risk assessment; further studies are needed regarding the relationship between pollution levels and the physiological response of biota.

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Reef-dweling Christmas tree worms (Spirobranchus, Serpulidae, Polychaeta), on Porites Corals: Densities and age structure

Luthfi Oktiyas Muzaky, Isdianto Andik, Akbar Dzikrillah

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

115--125

EN

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the densities and age structure of Christmas tree worms Spirobranchus sp. (Serpulidae, Polychaeta), on colonies of massive stony corals of the genus Porites, which have not been reported before in the region. Pulau Sempu, East Java, Indonesia. Pulau Sempu is a small island and also the sole remaining nature reserve within the region of. This small island is encompassed by shallow and narrow fringing reefs, characterized by a composition of algae and an occurrence of hard corals, specifically from genera Porites, Pocillopora, and Coelastrea (formerly known as Goniastrea). The majority of Porites specimens creating a narrow reef encompassing the island is colonized by boring polychaets known as the Christmas tree worms, Spirobranchus sp., which inhabit the interior of coral skeletons. Studies were carried out in two specific locations within the nature reserve Pulau Sempu, i.e., Watu Mejo and Waru-Waru. Two species: Spirobranchus corniculatus and Spirobranchus cruciger, have been identified dwelling on corals. Our findings indicated that the density of the worms residing in large Porites was 8.62 individuals/ m2 in Watu Mejo and 9.02 individuals/m2 in Waru-Waru. The age of the worms found on Pulau Sempu, as determined by operculum size, ranged between 14 and 22 years. Worm age differ among study sites with older individuals observed at Waru-Waru.

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A new serpulid, Placostegus velimensis sp. nov., from the Lower Turonian of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Jager M., Koci T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2007

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Vol. 57, no. 1

89-96

EN

A new species of serpulid tube worm, Placostegus velimensis sp. nov., is described from the Lower Turonian of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. It differs from other species of the genus Placostegus in its relatively large size and quadrangular cross-section.

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Tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Upper Oxfordian of Wapienno/Bielawy, couiavia region, north-central Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 1

35-52

EN

A relatively rich assemblage of tube-dwelling polychaetes is recognized in the talus facies of the Late Jurassic (Late Oxfordian) biohermal, sponge-cyanobacterial buidup from the Wapienno/Bielawy succession exposed in a salt-dome cored anticline of the Couiavia region, north-central Poland. Fourteen taxa are described belonging to 12 genera: Glomerula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Regenhardt, 1961; Cementula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Regenhardt, 1961; Ditrupula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Howell, 1962; Filogranula Langerhans, 1884; Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim, 1979; Metavermilia Bush, 1904; Mucroserpula Regenhardt, 1961; Neovermilia Day, 1961; Pannoserpula Jager, Kapitzke & Rieter, 2001; Pursimonia Regenhardt, 1961; Placostegus Philippi, 1844; Serpula Linnaeus, 1758. Only very few, or no representatives of these genera have formerly been reported from the Jurassic of Poland. Five species are established as new: Ditrupula meandrica sp.nov., Laqueoserpula intumescens sp.nov., Mucroserpula jaegeri sp.nov., Pannoserpula couiaviana sp.nov., Placostegus conchophilus sp.nov. The ecology of this assemblage, which comprises typically epizoans of sponges, and of brachiopods upon whose shells they often formed 'serpulid gardens', is discussed. In the case of the brachiopods, live specimens were favoured, to which the tube-dwelling polychaetes became commensals located preferably on their ventral valves. Some of the polychaetes had their own commensal, the hydroid Protulophila gestroi Rovereto, 1901, whose stolonal network was embedded in their tubes. The lithology of the source deposits indicates their transport by storm agitation and/or mass movements. Concequently, rapid burial affected all biota, including the living brachiopods, some of which were bearing living polychaetes.

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Serpulid opercula (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Upper Eocene of Possagno, NE Italy: taxonomy, taphonomy and palaeobiological significance

Gatto R., Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2000

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Vol. 50, no. 3

343-354

EN

A relatively rich assemblage of serpulid opercula (Polychaeta) is recognized, for the first time in Italy, in the Upper Eocene strata of the Possagno Marl exposed in the southern Alps (Province of Treviso, NE Italy). The studied material comprises for species referable to the genus Pyrgopolon De MONTFORT, 1808. Of these, the new species Pyrgopolon (Pyrgopolon) tubula sp. n. is also present in the lower and middle Eocene deposits of north-western Europe, whereas P. (P.) trochoides (NYST, 1845) ranges from the middle Eocene to early Oligocene. The second new species, Pyrgopolon cunialense sp.n., is tentatively ascribed to the subgenus Turbinia MICHELIN, 1845. A common or even a mass, occurrence of Pyrgopolon opercula in some Eocene/Oligocene sequences of western Europe is discussed. It is suggested that such an "opercular bloom" may have resulted from ether taphonomic (selective transport and fossilization) or biologic (mass-shedding of opercula) factors, or a combination of both