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Wpływ szkoly Romerowskiej na oblicze PPWK

Pawlak W.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2001

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T. 33, nr 3

202--212

PL

Powołanie w 1951 roku Państwowego Przedsiębiorstwa Wydawnictw Kartograficznych w Warszawie oznaczało zasadniczą zmianę organizacyjną w polskiej kartografii cywilnej. Ustalona wówczas centralna jednostka kartografii wydawniczej, poza jedną zmianą polegającą na upaństywowionej Książnicy-Atlas S.A. we Wroclawiu w 1955 roku, przetrwala bez istyotnych zmian czterdzieści lat. W 1991 roku PPWK zostało przekształcone w spółkę pracowniczą, a w roku 1998 przejęte przez większościowych akcjonariuszy. Od tej daty można przyjąć, że powstało nowe przedsiębiorstwo i dlatego nie analizowano już w nim obecności lub wpływu kartografii Romerowskiej. Ponieważ powstanie PPWK wiązało się ściśle z ówczesną polityką państwa, w artykule przedstawiono w zarysie proces tworzenia się przedsiębiorstwa, a także udziału i wpływu, jakie w jego historii miała kartografia Romerowska.

EN

The 50th anniversary of the establishment of the largest cartographic enterprise in the history of Polish cartography - PPWK (Romer Cartographical Publishing House since 1986) prompted the autor to broaden the main content of this paper with an outline of the PPWK history. The PPWK was established by the Head Office of Survey in the course of its reorganization, which resulted in the separation of general cartography labs from the Office's survey and photogrammrtry units, which was initiated in 1949. At the same time, under the administrative decision, the PPWK was taking over and incorporating within its structure various specialized cartographic laboratories from another institution and enterprises. The last (and by fact the largest) cartographic firm taken over by the PPWK was the Książnica-Atlas, which was nationalized in 1952 which was followed by the decision of cutting down its editing program. Eventually, it was fully incorporated within the structure of PPWK in 1955. Książnica-Atlas, established before the World War II in Lwow (L'viv) was reacted shortly after the war in Wroclaw. In the years 1946-1954 Książnica-Atlas achieved the dominant position in the field of school cartography. Its rapid development would not have been possible without the original maps of E. Romer, which were transferred from Lwow. This way, the majority of items from the company's map and atlas collection as well as the library of both the E. Romer Cartographic Institute and the company itself were relocated to Wroclaw. Also, the closest collaborators of E. Romer settled down in Wroclaw, as did his colleagues from the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwow. The fact thet the pre-WWII maps and atlases with cartography by E. Romer have been re-issued after the war caused that despite the nationalization of the publishing house, the maps by E. Romer remained almost unchanged or modified by their author for many years. The popularity of the Romer cartography resulted from the fact that the map readers became accustomed to that particular kind of maps. Another reason to continue the E. Romer map series under the PPWK brand was that these maps had vital influence on the PPWK economic condition and development. The fact that the PPWK took over the whole staff of the former Książnica-Atlas and the establishment of cartography as a major within the geography department at the Wriclaw University in 1953 (with J. Wąsowicz as Head) resulted in the fact that new employees starting their career in the Wrocla branch of the PPWK were already under the influence of the Romer cartography. The original school maps and atlases prepared in the PPWK in many cases were the continuation of the map series initiated by E. Romer. Very often, the Romer cartographic style was censequently used, as it was considered to be the most appropriate. Historical maps and atlases can serve as perfect examples, as they were cinsequently styled after E. Romer until the 1980s. The romer cartographic style managed to survive despite that fact that its basic material were lost during the war. The author is of the opinion that instead of the Romer cartographic school or style it would be fully justified to name it the Polish cartographic school. This period would include the first 50 years following the end of the World War II and not just the period after the PPWK had been established. If we tried to trace the roots of the Polish cartographic school, it would prove evident that this scjhool was initied by E. Romer himself and his stident, who worked in almost all important geographic and cartographic centers in Poland after the war. The notion of 'the Romer cartography' is not just a historical category, as it also describes the theoretical basis and specific cartographic style that each map and atlas intended as an educational tool should posess.

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Przeszłość i dzień dzisiejszy Polskiego Przedsiębiorstwa Wydawnictw Kartograficznych im. E. Romera S.A.

Konopska B.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2001

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T. 33, nr 3

187--201

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania dziejów PPWK S.A. i jej protoplastów jako struktury organizacyjnoprawnej, wrażliwej i szybko reagującej na zmiany gospodarcze, polityczne i ekonomiczne zachodzące w naszym kraju w okresie niemal całego ubiegłego wieku. Wskazano kolejne etapy rozwoju Książnicy-Atlas, jako poprzedniczki wrocławskiej części przedsiębiorstwa i warszawskie firmy, tworzące fundament warszawskiej części PPWK.

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This publication, which commemorates the 50th anniversary of Polish Cartographic Publishing House story and activities of the company. The article attempts to present it as an organisational - legal structure, sensitive and responsitive to political and economic changes in Poland in the last century. Founding of Administacja Wydawnictw (Administration of Publishers) in 1914 and Książnica Polska (Polish Library) in 1916 are considered to be the milestones in the company's history. In 1921 a separate cartographic enterprise - Atlas, was isolated from Książnica for economic reasons. However after three years Atlas rejoined its mother company, thus creating Książnica-Atlas (1924). This structure surived throughout the thirties, II World War and the difficult post war years. Another milestone came with founding of PPWK in 1951. Following the state policy of that time, the company incorporated all significant cartographic units and established monopoly in its field. The last stage commenced with the change of political and economic conditions after 1989. The company quickly adjusted to free market economy - in 1991 it was privatized and entered the Warsaw stock exchange under the name of Polskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych im. E. Romera (The E. Romer Polish Cartographic Publishing House). The article attempts to outline the economic, marketing and commercial strategies of Książnica-Atlas between the wars and its struggle with internal and external competition in order to better comprehend the present situation of PPWK, and even find an analogy between the two companies. Finally, directions of the company's new editorial projects of the last two years have been presented.

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Kształtowanie się treści i formy planów miast wydawanych przez Polskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych

Kałamucki K., Mazur C.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2001

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T. 33, nr 3

213--225

PL

W artykule omówiono rozwój treści i formy planów miast wydanych przez PPWK w ciągu prawie piećdziesięciu lat. W pierwszej części dokonano charakterystyki dorobku wydawniczego w tym zakresie. Następnie scharakteryzowano główne cechy czterech generacji planów miast. Omówiono również pierwsze opracowania planów miast przez nowo powstałe firmy kartograficzne na przełomie lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych. W dalszej kolejności scharakteryzowano plany zaliczane do piątej generacji. Końcową część artykułu stanowi podsumowanie, w którym przedstawiono w ujęciu chronologicznym kolejne etapy doskonalenia planów miast PPWK.

EN

The paper pertains to the development of content and graphic design of city maps, published since 1955 by the State Cartographic Publishing House (Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartografiucznych) - and the Polish Cartographic Publishing House since the nineties. During this period, over 800 city maps have been issued (nearly 200 new editions and over 600 updated ones, Table 1). the above number does not include historical city maps, reprints of old maps, city atlases or maps of foreign cities and towns. The number of maps published each year varies. No distinct growth trend can be noticed throughout this period. The largest number of the city maps (40) appeared in print in 1970. According to the city map classification introduced by the J. and W. Ostrowski (1968, 1986) the main group of maps published by the PPWK is composed of general-reference city maps. This category of maps, along with hiking maps are considered to be the most often used type of cartographic publications. The analysis of content and graphic form of city maps issued by the PPWK allows us to distinguish five generations of these maps. W. Nerlo (1986) described the first four ones. The first generation is composed of maps put out between 1955 and the easily sixties. Poor thematic content as well as the highly schematized public transportation presentation are characteristic of this group (Fig. 6a). The maps issued between the early sixites up and the mid-seventies would fall into the second generation. The map contents was largely increased and also the quality of graphic presentation improved significantly (color nominal point symbols have been introduced, Fig. 2and 6b). The next distinct step in the city map evolution can be noted in the mid- seventies - and lasted till the mid-eighties (third generation). W. Nerlo also decribed the fourth generation of the PPWK city maps, which is composed of maps based on large scale topographic and urban maps. This series was initiated in 1985 by the maps of Stalowa Wola and Stargard Szczeciński. The late 1980s and early 1990s brought significant changes to the map market in Poland. Numerous new cartographic firms dealing with city maps have been established during that time. Their city maps are of varied cartographic quality (K. Kałamucki 1996). They have numerous features characteristic of the PPWK maps. The impact of the PPWK cartographic style can easily be noticed. Since the late 1990s several new features have been introduced to the PPWK city maps. The most important ones include the modifications to the built-up areas presentation (presentation of individual buildings and their numbering), introduction of at least 4 new road and street categories, as well as the new color design (Fig.5). These modifications allow us to categorize this group as the fifth generation of the PPWK city maps. The first city maps prepared in part by digital means appeared in 1996 and 1997 (Szczecin, Wałbrzych, Jelenia gora0 and the years 1998-1999 saw the first maps prepared and printed entirely using the digital technology (Zakopane, Poznań and Kraków). The turn of the centuries brought further changes to the PPWK city map design. In September, 1999 first GPS-compatible maps appear in print. This would have been impossible without the preparation of fully cartometric maps and without giving the deatils of the cartographic projection used. The following new elements are being introduced since 2001: - new color design, - new built-up areas generalization style, - unification of editorial projects in all maps, lauching of the new map series under the "Copernicus"brand, - the city mass transit content was enriched. In the whole PPWK activity, the following facts should be stressed: - scale was shown city maps as late as in the mid 1980s., - first maps had the legend in Polish only Foreign map legends have been introduced in the late 1960s (most often in three languages), - the explanation of areal features (green areas and built-up areas) was fully intriduced as late as in 1980s., - it was not until the turn of the century that the full mathematical base information (including the cartographic projection and grid) was shown, - since the 1970s the entire area of cities and towns are shown in maps.