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Solid rocks on the nearshore seabed : the distribution and potential impact on coastal processes in the Kołobrzeg region, the Southern Baltic

Rudowski S., Sitkiewicz P., Wróblewski R., Makurat K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 1

62--73

EN

The Southern Baltic seabed is mainly composed of marine sediments situated on glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. In the Kołobrzeg region, however, solid rocks are located at the shallow subbottom. In order to determine the exact distribution of the rocks, some analyses of sonar images, underwater photos, sediment samples, seismoacoustic profiles and bathymetric data have been performed. The outcrops of Jurassic sandstones and mudstones have been documented. The geological structure of the area is presented, while the fact that the present seafloor relief is determined by the shallow uneven top surface of the Jurassic rocks is emphasized. The seabed has been classified as rock platform-constrained. The seafloor is a sediment-poor abrasion platform, within which marine sandy sediments are transported, mainly toward offshore, on the firm, stiff or hard surface of glacial deposits and Jurassic solid rocks. This results in a lack of material for the reconstruction of the beach after storms. Many of the commonly used methods for studying the condition and changes of the coast cannot be used in this type of terrain due to the presence of a thin and discontinuous dynamic layer lying on the erosion-resistant rocks of the geomorphologically complex seafloor.

2

Latarnie morskie w krajobrazie kulturowym polskiego wybrzeża

Gubańska R., Gubański J.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

1653--1659, CD2

PL

Latarnie morskie (LM) będące ważnymi i charakterystycznymi elementami współtworzącymi przestrzeń kulturową nabrzeży, silnie akcentują interakcje między człowiekiem a środowiskiem, oddziałując przy tym na otoczenie w wielopłaszczyznowy sposób. Postrzegane przez wielu jako fascynujące obiekty architektoniczne, o interesujących rozwiązaniach konstrukcyjnych i technicznych, stanowią świadectwo historii nawigacji i żeglugi. Jako jednoznacznie rozpoznawalne identyfikatory, znaki przestrzenne i obiekty, stają się budowlami o charakterze symbolu, niosącymi sobą znaczny ładunek emocjonalny. W artykule opisano szeroko pojętą rolę LM w kształtowaniu morskiego krajobrazu kulturowego.

EN

Lighthouses are important and distinctive elements of embankments' cultural space. They create a characteristic group of buildings that strongly accents interaction between a human and the environment at the same time affecting surroundings in a multi level way. The article deals with analysing landscape issues determined by presence of the lighthouses and defining their function in creating the cultural landscape of the Polish seaside. Subjects of the study are 13 objects with distinctive outlines situated near recreation and holiday areas of the seaside and open to tourists. Research was based on: reference books and direct observation.

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Erosion reasons and rate on accumulative Polish dune coast caused by the January 2012 storm surge

Łabuz T. A.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (2)

307--326

EN

The Polish coast is a non-tidal area; its shores are affected mainly by autumn-winter storm surges. Those of 6 and 14 January 2012 are representative of the forces driving the erosion of normally accumulative sections of coastal dunes, monitored by the author since 1997. The sea level maximum during these two storm surges reached 1.2 to 1.5 m amsl along the Polish coast. Land forms up to 3 m amsl were inundated. Beaches and low parts of the coast up to this height were rebuilt by sea waves attacking the coast for almost 12 days. Quantitative analyses of the morphological dynamics of the coastal dunes are presented for 57 profiles located along the coast. Only those accumulative sections of the Polish coast are analysed where sand accumulation did occur and led to new foredune development. The mean rate of dune erosion was 2.5 m3 per square metre with an average toe retreat of 1.4 m. Erosion understood as dune retreat was greater when a beach was lower (correlation coefficient 0.8). Dune erosion did not occur on coasts with beaches higher than 3.2 m or on lower ones covered by embryo dunes.

4

Physical aspects of extreme storm surges and falls on the Polish coast

Wiśniewski B., Wolski T.

Oceanologia

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2011

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No. 53 (1-TI)

373-390

EN

Extreme sea levels - storm-generated surges and falls - on the Polish coast are usually the effects of three components: the volume of water in the southern Baltic (the initial level preceding a given extreme situation), the action of tangential wind stresses in the area (wind directions: whether shore- or seaward; wind velocities; and wind action duration), and the sea surface deformation produced by deep, mesoscale baric lows moving rapidly over the southern and central Baltic that generate the so-called baric wave. Among these factors, the baric wave is particularly important for, i.e. the water cushion underneath the baric depression, moving along the actual atmospheric pressure system over the sea surface.

5

Częstość występowania opadów na polskim wybrzeżu

Girjatowicz J.P.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2009

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nr 1

20-24

PL

Średnie miesięczne, sezonowe, półroczne i roczne liczby dni z opadem atmosferycznym > 0,1 mm dla głównych stacji meteorologicznych polskiego wybrzeża w okresie 1951 - 2000. Analiza czasowo-przestrzennego zróżnicowania częstości występowania dni z opadem atmosferycznym na polskim wybrzeżu.

EN

Mean monthly, seasonal, 6-months and annual numbers of days with atmospheric rainfall > 0.1 mm for main meteo stations located along Polish coastline in the period of 1951 - 2000. The analysis of spatial and time differentiation of the freqnency of days with atmospheric rainfall along Polish coast.

6

The distribution of water vegetation on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea in 1996-2000

Pliński M., Jóźwiak T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2004

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Vol. 33, No. 2

29--40

EN

Qualitative analysis of vegetation along the Polish coast was conducted. Thirty-six species were noted - 16 of green, 5 of brown and 7 of red algae and 8 of vascular plants. In the 1996-2000 period, the share of green algae was always more than 50% of the floral composition. Only a few species were present throughout the period of investigations, as follows: green algae - Entero-morpha ahlneriana, E. intestinalis, Cladophora albida, Cl. glomerata, Cl. rupestris, Cl. sericea, Cl. vagabunda; brown algae - Pilayella litoralis, Fucus vesiculosus; red algae - Polysiphonia violacea, Ceramium diaphanum; vascular plants - Zostera marina. Some general conclusions can be drawn with reference to the geographical distribution of the species. Enteromorpha intestinalis was the only species that occurred at every station in almost every year. Three species of the genus Cladophora (Cladophora albida, Cl. rupestris, Cl. sericea) and Pilayella litoralis were also very common. Zostera marina was nearly absent from the central part of the Polish coast. Other species occurred rarely and accidentally.

7

Vulnerability and adaptation of Polish coast to impact of sea-level rise (SLR)

Pruszak Z.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2001

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Vol. 48, nr 2

73-90

EN

The paper presented contains results of the latest studies on assessment of the vulner-ability of the Polish coast to sea-level rise, thus providing the synthesis, development and update of all current works in this field. Apart from a general description of the basic physical and socio-economic coastal characteristics, boundary conditions were defined for further studies on Poland's vulnerability to ASLR. For each of the four areas, into which the Polish coastal zone was divided, a synthesis of threats and vul-nerability to the expected SLR was carried out, taking into account characteristic elements and features of the regions. Basing upon two extreme scenarios of sea-level rise, i.e. ASLR1 with 30 cm/100 yrs (optimistic variant) and ASLR2 with 100 cm/100 yrs (pessimistic variant), the assessment and cost calculation of total protection measures of the endangered areas in the coastal zone related to their capital value to be lost was executed. Finally, it was found that the protective investments should mainly be undertaken on the west and east coasts, where economically justified. Because of limited funds, it is necessary to concentrate on particularly important and simultaneously strongly threatened regions. The detailed analysis of costs implies that the activities should be undertaken first on the coastal segments adjacent to Gdańsk and Szczecin, where vast agglomerations are located, with concentrated industry and related infrastructure, as well as centres of science and culture.

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Geographically referenced database of Polish coast supported by GMS-Decide

Okrój T.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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1998

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Vol. 2, No 1

183-189

EN

The coastal zone is an interactive and dynamic complex of sub-systems, where human activities and natural processes in one sub-system may adversely affect other sub-systems. Therefore, one of the most important issues in the area of coastal zone management (CZM) is to avoid conflicts and to prevent overlapping of development interests of the various resource sectors such as tourism development, land use planning, etc. The GMS-Decide is the software designed to create, organise and analyse data as it relates to the geographical information. It can be used for scientific investigations, resource management and development planning. For CZM purposes, GMS might allow emergency planners and decision-makers to easily calculate emergency response in the event of a natural disaster. In the strictest sense, a GMS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations, which is extremely useful to deal with coastal areas.