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The first state of Georg Freudenhammer’s map of Palatinatus Posnaniensis from 1645

Skrycki Radosław

Polish Cartographical Review

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 1

50--55

EN

The subject of this analysis is Georg Freudenhammer’s map of Palatinatus Posnaniensis, editions of which were published by all major publishing houses of the 17th century: the Blaeu family, Janssonius, Schenk/Valk or Janssonius van Waesbergen. The formerly unknown first state was dedicated to the new Queen of Poland, Louise Marie Gonzaga. The author hypothesises that it was probably a gift from the author of the map, who participated in Krzysztof Opaliński’s envoy to the future queen. The speed at which this work was produced did not allow for its final completion, so in the later state of the map, a number of additions were made, the addressee of the dedication was changed, and the text of the royal privilege to print it was added. Several features indicate that Freudenhammer’s original intention was changed over time, and the new addressee of the work became the author’s employer and mentor – Krzysztof Opaliński.

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Atlas Świata Służby Topograficznej Wojska Polskiego (w czterdziestolecie wydania)

Florjańska E., Horodyski B.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2008

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T. 40, nr 4

362-385

PL

W tym roku mija czterdzieści lat od ukazania się Atlasu Świata Służby Topograficznej Wojska Polskiego. Atlas, będący jednym z największych osiągnięć polskiej kartografii geograficznej, z przyczyn politycznych nie znalazł w kraju pełnej oceny i należnego mu uznania. Jego wersja angielskojęzyczna Pergamon World Atlas z powodzeniem propagowała polską kartografię w krajach zachodnich, stawiając go w rzędzie największych i najlepszych atlasów świata. Nigdy nie ukazało się kolejne wydanie Atlasu, nigdy też nie wyrażono Autorom należnego uznania i nie dano im stosownej satysfakcji. Dlatego przypominamy środowisku kartograficznemu szczególne okoliczności wiążące się z jego wydaniem i miejsce, jakie wyznaczał polskiej kartografii na arenie międzynarodowej.

EN

At the turn of the 1960s the Polish Army Topographical Service initiated the edition of a great atlas of the world. It was to meet the demand for a publication unavailable since the 1904 the Great Atlas of the World by A. Nałkowski and A. Świętochowski. The publication lost its originally military character and became available to the general public. Atlas Świata (World Atlas) of the Polish Army Topographical Service was published in 1960-1968 in installments, in 242,000 copies, 205,000 of which were in Polish and 37,000 in English, ordered by the English Pergamon Press publishing house. The atlas was printed in 40x32 format; on 524 pages, including 382 map pages with an index, a pronunciation guide and a glossary of geographical names and terms. At that time nobody expected the fate awaiting the publication, which was one of the most significant in the history of Polish cartography. We recall this work to preserve the memory of the unprecedented effort of Polish military cartographers, successors of the Polish pre-war school of cartography. The first issues ofthe atlas were received with great interest and positive reviews. Later it became a victim of political unrest. After the Israeli-Arab war of 1967 Poland broke diplomatic relations with Israel, while the events of March 1968 in Poland demonstrated anti-Semitic sentiments of the Polish ruling elite. In spring '68 the editing team was accused of falsely showing Jerusalem as lsrael's capital, which disqualified the Atlas as a serious, credible scientific publication and a reliable source of information. Despite the witch-hunt the Atlas was completed, with an additional map of Cyprus, Lebanon and Israel (attached to the last issue) showing Tel Aviv as the capital of Israel. However the following autumn the publishing team was disbanded and its members scattered. The publication itself became a 'rotten apple' of Polish cartography; usually ignored for fear of political repressions. The Atlas got only two foreign reviews of its English Pergamon Press Atlas version: by G.R.Crome in "Geographical Magazine" (1968), and R.E Dahlberg in "The Canadian Cartographer" (1969). Significantly, it was regarded as one of the leading atlases of the time, along with The Times Atlas, Atlas Mira and Atlantę Internazionale. The Polish atlas is actually superior due to its rich thematic contents. The ostracism surrounding the Atlas lasted until early 1980s, when it had already been too late for the second edition. The materials became outdated, dispersed or lost, the publishing team broke up. Thus the World Atlas became an example of 'the most spectacular example of material and intellectual waste in the history of world cartography' (W. Grygorenko 1981). In 2003 an MA. thesis on the history and value of the Atlas was prepared at Warsaw University Department of Geography and Regional Studies to honor the memory of this effort of Polish military cartography (E. Florjańska 2003). The Atlas had to find its place without the help of 'experts'. Daily use verified its value. It became one of the most popular sources of geographic information. 40 years after its publication reviewing it seems pointless. However the analysis of its structure in comparison to other leading atlases shows the state of Polish cartography in the World in 1960s.

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Porównanie treści i formy graficznej polskich map topograficznych 1:50 000 w wersji cywilnej

Ciołkosz-Styk A., Ostrowski W.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2007

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T. 39, nr 3

209-228

PL

W artykule porównano zakres treści i formę graficzną trzech polskich cywilnych map topograficznych w skali 1:50 000: w układzie "1965", w układzie "1992" oraz w układzie "WGS-84".

EN

In Poland currently there are three topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000 for civil use: -map in ,,1965" coordinate system published in 1977-1982 by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, covering the whole country, - map in ,,1992" coordinate system, exept first 48 sheets of Mazowsze region, which were edited in ,,1942" coordinate system), published in 1995-2002 by the Surveyor General of Poland, covering almost 60% of the country's area, - ,,WGS-84" map in UTM projection published in 2003-2006 by the Surveyor General of Poland with the Polish Military Gegraphic Service, covering 25% of the country's area. Comparison of the range of contents and graphic form of the three maps clearly shows the superiority of the map in ,,1992" system. Compared to the other two it employs a new way of presenting built-up areas. It contains significantly more information about the function and intensity of exploitation of built-up areas and offers provides a more complete picture of anthropogenic landscape than any other map in that scale, in Poland or abroad. In addition, the ,,1992" map has the most detailed presentation of streets and relief. Detailed depiction of plant cover and crop areas is achieved by lowering the area limits, below which a particular object is not shown with its outline. Similarly, lowering of the length limit of watercourses and area limit of water pools led to a more detailed presentation of water network. The contents of the ,,1992" map was also enriched by a much larger number of acronyms and descriptions of public buildings and industrial sites. The map in ,,1965" system was printed in four colors, ,,WGS-84" map in five, and the ,,1992" map - in six. The comparison of graphic form of the three maps gave lowest marks to the least readable "1965" map. The ,,1992" map is characterized by wider use of color, which adds to its readability and attractiveness. Substituting black color, traditionally used for buildings and road network with brown resulted in higher graphic capacity and better presentation of public buildings and industrial sites. Consistent use of green for green areas, blue for water and light brown for relief facilitates perception of particular categories of map contents. Application of color patterns for grass areas and orchards allowed for a clear and detailed presentation of their outline. The graphic level of the .WGS-84" map is higher than that of former military maps and the map in "1965" system, partly due to the application of several solutions from the ,,1992" map (e.g. consistent use of green for green areas, simplified presentation of built--up areas). Some elements of the ,,WSG-84" map, such as main roads or borders of natural reserves, are more readable than in the other two. The comparison of the three maps in 1:50 000 shows that the newly planned map in this scale, which is to be prepared using the topographic database should base on the map in ,,1992" coordinate system.

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Czterdzieści lat udziału Polski w pracach Mięzynarodowej Asocjacji Kartograficznej

Ostrowski J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2004

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T. 36, nr 3

147--176

PL

Z okazji czterdziestej rocznicy przyjęcia Polski do Międzynarodowej Asocjacji Kartograficznej autor, po krótkim scharakteryzowaniu tej organizacji, omawia w porządku chronologicznym udział przedstawicieli Polski w konferancjach i zgromadzeniach ogólnych MAK, a następnie nasze inicjatywy i wkład do dorobku niektórych komisji i grup roboczych Asocjacji. Artykuł kończą ogólne uwagi o naszej współpracy z MAK, apel o włączaniu się do niej większej liczby polskich kartografów oraz obszerny wykaz publikacji na temat naszego dotychczasowego uczestnictwa w działalności Międzynarodowej Asocjacji Kartograficznej.

EN

The International Cartographic Association (ICA) was founded in 1959 by the representatives of 13 countries as a result of an initiative of Swedish cartographers. Since then this important and useful organization has been steadily growing in the number of participating countries (79 today) as well as developing the range of its activities. Poland became its member forty years ago, in July 1964, at the 2nd General Assembly in London. It is represented by the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. In 1976 Polish National Committee for International Cartographic Association was founded at the Institute to support Polish cooperation with the ICA. Today the Committee consists of 24 representatives of various offices, scientific institutes, higher schools and organizations related to cartography. Since 1964 Polish cartographers have been taking active part in all ICA activities. It is especially evident during biannual International Cartographic Conferences (table 1). At each of them (except the 4th Conference in New Delhi in 1967) Polish representatives presented their papers (the largest number, 10, in Warsaw in 1982 and Beijing in 2001) and posters (the largest number, 10, in Ottawa in 1999). Numerous Polish publications were presented at exhibitions accompanying International Cartographic Conferences. The 11th International Cartographic Conference in the summer of 1982 was a major challenge for Polish cartographers. Organized in difficult conditions of martial law it was nevertheless regarded as one of the best prepared and most fruitful by its 193 foreign participants from 37 countries. They were particularly impressed with cartographic exhibitions, including the biggest to date exhibition of cartography of the host country, which included 812 items (117 atlases among them). At the last two conferences Polish panoramic plans of Venice and Berlin were awarded the best urban maps, while a Polish satellite image map of Karkonosze Mts. won in the category of satellite maps. Since 1993, when the Conferences' program included Barbara Petchenik Children's Map Competition, Poland has always been represented in it and 4 Polish pupils have been among the winners. Polish input to the efforts of particular commissions and working groups is varied. In some commissions Polish cartographers have been active members, or even leaders, since the very beginning; in other they participate only sporadically. The Commission on Cartographic Communication, founded in 1972 as an initiative of Professor Lech Ratajski of Warsaw University and led by him until his death in 1977 was one of the more dynamic. Between 1980-1984 Polish scientists headed two commissions: Professor Andrzej Ciotkosz (The Institute of Geodesy and Cartography) was the chairman of the Commission on Thematic Mapping by the Aid of Remote Sensing, while Professor Bogodar Winid (Warsaw University) was the chairman of the Commission on National and Regional Planning Cartography. Since 1999 Professor Ewa Krzywicka-Blum (Wroclaw Academy of Agriculture) has headed the Commission on Gender and Cartography, which investigates specific problems of under-represented groups. Other commissions in which Polish scientists have been active include the Commission on Definition, Classification and Standardization of Cartographic Terms, the Commission on Map Production Technology, the Commission on Visualization, the Commission on Maps and Graphics for Blind and Visually-Impaired People and the Commission on Theoretical Cartography. Achievements of several Polish scientists have been recognized by the international cartographic society. Professor Lech Ratajski was a Vice-President of the International Cartographic Association in the years 1972-1977; after his death Professor Andrzej Ciołkosz held that post until 1982. Professors Stanisław Pietkiewicz (1982) and Andrzej Ciołkosz (2003) also became Honorary Fellows of the ICA. A certain weakness of Polish participation lies in the fact that it is limited to a relatively small group. However gradually more and more young cartographers and specialists from related disciplines are joining in, better prepared to take up the challenges of the 21st century.