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Ludomir Sawicki – „Osuwisko ziemne w Szymbarku…” – w stulecie badań procesów osuwiskowych w Polskich Karpatach fliszowych

Gil E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 5

232--233

EN

In 2013 was the 100th anniversary of the catastrophic landslide on the slopes of Maoelana Mountain (Low Beskid) in the Szklarka valley. In 1913, Ludomir Sawicki (1884-1918), geographer, professor at the Jagiellonian University, conducted a detailed study of the landslide. As a result, the first such detailed study of landslides in Polish literature has been done ("Rozprawy ...." Akademii Umiejêtnooeci, Kraków, 1917). The publication contains a detailed plan of the landslide, with a different types of mass movement and relief forms. The description includes the type of substrate and the causes of mass movement. Today, the research of landslide processes carried out on the Research Station in Szymbark refer to this pioneering work.

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Charakterystyka surowcowa kopaliny ilasto-krzemionkowej ze złoża Dylągówka–Zapady (polskie Karpaty fliszowe)

Panna W., Wyszomirski P., Myszka R.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2014

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T. 30, z. 2

85--102

PL

Badaniom zostały poddane trzy próbki z nieeksploatowanego dotąd złoża Dylągówka–Zapady. Charakterystyka surowcowa tych próbek, pochodzących z różnych głębokości złoża, polegała na określeniu ich składu fazowego (przy użyciu takich metod jak: analiza rentgenograficzna, spektroskopia w podczerwieni oraz analiza termiczna), składu chemicznego, ziarnowego oraz określenia właściwości sorpcyjnych. Badania te wykazały, że kopalina w przekroju pionowym złoża wykazuje zmienny skład chemiczny i mineralny, aczkolwiek generalnie jest zasobna w minerały grupy smektytu (montmorillonit). Zawartość tego minerału ilastego mieści się w przedziale 28–43%. Kolejną fazą mineralną, która ma istotny wpływ na właściwości technologiczne omawianej kopaliny jest opal. Obecność tej fazy krzemionkowej została potwierdzona analizą rentgenograficzną i termiczną. Stwierdzono, że w próbkach pobranych z różnych głębokości złoża występuje zarówno opal-A jak i opal-CT. Ponadto, w próbce pobranej z nadkładu złoża, stwierdzono także obecność innego minerału wykazującego właściwości sorpcyjne, tj. zeolitu (klinoptilolit). Z występowaniem w badanej kopalinie podwyższonej ilości smektytów, opalu i zeolitów, wiąże się jej wybitna drobnoziarnistość i dobre właściwości sorpcyjne, co predysponuje ją do wykorzystania jako sorbentu różnego rodzaju zanieczyszczeń.

EN

Examinations were carried out on three samples from the as yet unexploited Dylągówka–Zapady shale deposit. The samples represent various horizons of the deposit, from which the following characteristic features were determined: phase composition (using XRD analysis, infrared spectroscopy IS, and thermal analysis), chemical composition, grain-size distribution, and sorption properties. The results prove that the shales show vertical variability with respect to their chemical and mineral compositions, being generally rich in the minerals of the smectite group (montmorillonite). The content of this mineral ranges from 28 to 43%. The next mineral phase that significantly affects the technological properties of the prospective commodity is opal. This siliceous compound was identified with the XRD and DTA methods as two phases, i.e., opal-A and opal-CT. Additionally, in a sample collected from the overburden of the deposit, another mineral with sorption properties, i.e., clinoptilolite (group of zeolites), has been identified. The presence of higher amounts of smectite, opal, and zeolite results in the considerably fine grain size of the rocks as well as good sorption properties, being a potential sorbent of contaminants of various kinds.

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Record of the meso- and neoholocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the Jesionowa landslide peat bog (Beskid Sądecki MTS. Polish Outer Carpathians)

Margielewski W., Kołaczek P., Michczyński A., Obidowicz A., Pazdur A.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 2

138-154

EN

The paper presents an analysis of depositional sequences of landslide peat bog situated in the depressions developed within the landslide landforms Jesionowa in the Beskid Sądecki Mts. (Outer Carpathians). The peat bog, with depositional sequence 2.80 m long, started to form at the begin-ning of the Atlantic Phase ca. 6390-5910 cal BC. Palynological and lithological analyses as well as several (14) radiocarbon age determinations of different horizons in the sediments enabled the recon-struction of palaeoenvironmental changes during the Meso-and Neoholocene. The increase in climate humidity at the beginning of the Subboreal and Subatlantic Phases was observed as delivery of minerogenic material to the peat bog basin and formation of a mineral horizon and an illuvial level within the peat. The particularly intensive delivery of allochthonous material to the peat bog took place at the beginning of the Subboreal Phase and was the result of both significant humid climate and increased human impact (colonization of the Funnel Beaker Culture) in the landslide area. Similar influence of younger colonisations of landslide area (Przeworsk Culture and, later, Valachian coloni-sation) was also recorded within the deposits of peat bog (illuvial and mineral horizons) in the early Subatlantic Phase. Rejuvenation of the landslide zone and formation of the younger landslide were connected with the increase in climate humidity at the beginning of the Subboreal Phase. The peat bog deposits situated within this younger landslide, which are ca. 1.8 m thick, are significantly con-taminated with mineral material.

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Records of the Middle - and Late Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the Pcim-Sucha landslide peat bogs (Beskid Makowski Mts., Polish Outer Carpathians)

Margielewski W., Michczyński A., Obidowicz A.

Geochronometria

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2010

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Vol. 35

11-23

EN

The paper presents analysis of depositional sequences of two peat bogs situated in the depressions developed within the landslide landforms Pcim Sucha in the Beskid Makowski Mts. (Outer Carpathians). The older peat bog, with depositional sequence 3.75 m long, started to form at the decline of the Boreal Phase ca 7570-7330 cal BC. Palynological and lithological analyses as well as numerous (18) radiocarbon datings of different horizons in the sediment enabled reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental changes of the Middle and Late Holocene. Increase in climate humidity at the beginning of the Atlantic, Subboreal and Subatlantic Phases were observed as deliveries of minerogenic material to the peat bog basin and formation of illuvial and mineral layers within peat. The particularly intensive delivery of allochtonous material to the peat bog took place at the beginning of the Subatlantic Phase and was the result of both significant humid climate and increased human impact (colonization of the Przeworsk Culture) in the landslide area. Rejuvenation of the landslide zone and formation of the second landslide were connected with this period and processes. Deposits of peat bog situated within this younger landslide, which are ca 1.3 m thick, are significantly contaminated with mineral material.

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Environmental impact of the Carpathian water reservoirs and its assessment. Case study involving Krempna and Solina reservoirs

Sroczyński W., Bonenberg J., Bonenberg Ł.

Polityka Energetyczna

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2003

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T. 6, spec. [1]

161-169

EN

This article presents selected, most important issues concerning assessment of environmental impact created by Carpathian water reservoirs. It is based on two dams, for which environmental reports have recently been prepared by the authors, namely designed Krempna reservoir on Wisloka river and existing Solina-Myczkowce reservoir on San River. Krempna water reservoir is designed on the areas near the boundaries of national park. Solina water reservoir (the biggest in Poland) was put into service in 1968 and is now radically modernized which shall, among other things, raise the power plant capability up to 50%. This environmental impact assessment, made in 2000, is the first of that kind for this structure. We included legal and organizational aspects connected with adjustment of Polish law to the law of European Union. Those aspects focused on showing differentiation of problems connected with assessments made for both new water reservoirs and those in mature stage.

PL

Omówiono wybrane najważniejsze problemy oceny oddziaływania na środowisko karpackich zbiorników wodnych na przykładzie dwóch obiektów, dla których oceny takie w ostatnim czasie przy współudziale autorów wykonano - projektowanego zbiornika Krempna na rzece Wisłoce oraz istniejącego zespołu zbiorników wodnych Solina-Myczkowce na rzece San. Zbiornik Krempna jest zbiornikiem projektowanym na terenach graniczących z parkiem narodowym. Zbiornik wodny Solina (największy w Polsce) został oddany do użytku w 1968 r., a obecnie poddawany jest gruntownej modernizacji mającej między innymi na celu zwiększenie mocy hydroelektrowni o około 50%. Sporządzona w 2000 r. ocena oddziaływania na środowisko jest pierwszym tego typu opracowaniem dla obiektu. Uwzględniono aspekty prawno-organizacyjne związane z dostosowywaniem polskiego prawa do prawodawstwa Unii Europejskiej. Zwrócono uwagę na zróżnicowanie obszarów problemowych w ocenach wykonywanych dla zbiorników nowo projektowanych i zbiorników w stadium dojrzałym.