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Litter sources on the Polish Baltic shore – effect of increased anthropogenic pollution

Łabuz Tomasz Arkadiusz

Studia Quaternaria

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2021

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Vol. 38, Nr 2

85--100

EN

The article summarises results of studies on litter concentrations on the Polish sea shore. Origin, mechanism of transport and source of litter are discussed. The main part of the data has been based on litter quality and quantity investigation in post-storm marine sediments. Data were collected in surface sediments since 2001 and in fossil washover fans dated 1988–2000 in different locations on the coast. Litter has been divided according to the material, use, size and origin. Analysis of litter quantity on beaches after storm surges showed an annual increase. The heavier surge, the more debris and mixed litter appear on the coast. A large increase in the amount of litter has been observed after the storm in 2009. The average amount of litter per 1 m2 has increased from 1.5 in 2001 to 17.5 in 2020. Among litter there is still a similar share of fishery and ship waste. The biggest growth was observed in waste of consumable origin. Plastic litter, including anthropogenic waste left on beaches, has increased to 80% in recent years. Most waste occurred on the coast adjacent to the Vistula River mouth.

2

Postglacial evolution of a small lake in the South Baltic coastal zone based on geochemical, pollen and subfossil Cladocera analysis

Niska M., Gadziszewska J., Jonczak J., Florek W., Kruczkowska B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 4

384--397

EN

The paper presents sedimentary records acquired as part of the research on the coastal cliff located between 221.3 and 221.4 km of the Slovincian (Słowinskie) Coast near Debina. Palynological and subfossil Cladocera analysis of sediments combined with geochemical data proves the existence of varying environmental conditions that occurred depending on the climate fluctuation. The Debina reservoir was formed in the Late Glacial period. Mud and gyttja were deposited in an initially cold proglacial lake. Species of Cladocera identified in this period indicate a deeper oligotrophic reservoir. The end of the Late Glacial cooling inhibited the development of fauna in the reservoir. Climate change at the beginning of the Holocene improved the habitat conditions in the Debina paleolake, which is reflected in the growth of zooplankton biodiversity and enrichment of the aquatic pollen content. We distinguished three phases that illustrate the evolution of the studied aquatic-mire ecosystem. In the following periods, the trophic level in the reservoir increased and significant water-level fluctuations led to periodic transformations of reservoirs into peat bogs. Gradually, the water-level lowering and the intensification of eolian processes led to terrestrialization of the paleolake.

3

Specificity of Geotechnical Measurements and Practice of Polish Offshore Operations

Łączyński B., Wróbel K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2015

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Vol. 9, no. 4

579--584

EN

As offshore market in Europe grows faster and faster, new sea areas are being managed and new ideas on how to use the sea potential are being developed. In North Sea, where offshore industry conducts intensive expansion since late 1960s, numerous wind farms, oil and gas platforms and pipelines have been put into operation following extensive research, including geotechnical measurement. Recently, a great number of similar projects is under development in Baltic Sea, inter alia in Polish EEZ, natural conditions of which vary from the North Sea significantly. In this paper, those differences are described together with some solutions to problems thereby arising.

4

Metody badań terenowych w analizie zmian ukształtowania akumulacyjnych odcinków wydm nadmorskich polskiego wybrzeża

Łabuz T. A.

Landform Analysis

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2015

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Vol. 28

45--60

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metody badań zastosowanych do analizy zmian rzeźby wydm nadmorskich na akumulacyjnych odcinków polskiego wybrzeża. Badania realizowane były przy użyciu różnych technik geodezyjnych, m.in. z zastosowaniem stabilizowanych w podłożu reperów, niwelatora, teodolitu. W ostatnich latach korzystano z nowoczesnych urządzeń, działających w oparciu o satelitarną lokalizację badanych miejsc, takich jak dGPS RTK oraz RTK GPS. Prace realizowane były w różnych skalach przestrzennych: od pomiarów punktowych, liniowych do powierzchniowych. Celem podjętych badań morfometrycznych było przetestowanie różnych technik i urządzeń badawczych pod kątem ich użyteczności w określaniu dynamiki współczesnej rzeźby najmłodszych wydm nadmorskich. Przedstawiono ustalenia potrzebne do klasyfikacji form i wskazania kierunku rozwoju wybrzeży mierzejewo-wydmowych w warunkach zmian klimatu i presji człowieka. Praca prezentuje możliwości wykorzystania dostępnych technik do określania parametrów zmian niestabilnej rzeźby wydm nadmorskich w różnych skalach czasowo-przestrzennych. W pracy zawarto przykładowe wyniki dynamiki rzeźby wydm i charakterystycznych wskaźników ich zmian oraz wybrane możliwości prezentacji graficznej. Badania prowadzono w wybranych miejscach obejmując 20% długości całego polskiego wybrzeża.

EN

The paper presents field research methods used to analyse relief changes of coastal dunes on the accumulative sections of the Polish coast. The research were carried out using a variety of surveying techniques, among others, using stabilized in the ground rods, leveler, theodolite. In recent years, the use of modern equipment, operating on the basis of satellite location, such as dGPS RTK and GPS RTK were used too. The work was carried out at different spatial scales, from the measurement point to line and the surface. The aim of this study was to test various morphometric techniques and research devices for their usefulness in determining the dynamics of contemporary relief of the youngest coastal dunes – foredunes. Paper also presents the findings needed to classify the relief forms and to indicate the direction of sand barrier and dunes development in conditions of climate change and human pressure. Work presents the possibilities of available techniques use, to characterise changes of unstable sand dunes in different time and space scales. This paper contains examples of the results on dune relief research dynamics and selected graphical presentation possibilities. Data from the realised studies are useful for different time scale comparison as vectors, volumes or 3D pictures. Those methods are clearly showing accumulation tendencies of some sections of the coast in different time and surface scale. The presented studies are covering almost 20% of dunes on the Polish coast.

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The application of probability density function in modeling of wind speed on the Polish Batlic Coast

Czernecki B.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2014

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Vol. 2, Iss. 2

23--33

EN

The aim of the research was to identify the potential for the use of probability density functions (PDF) in modeling of near-surface wind speed. The approaches of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are used in combination with 2-parametric Weibull distribution. The downscaling model was built using a diagnosed relationship between sea level pressure (SLP) patterns over Europe and the Northern Atlantic and estimated monthly values of Weibull parameters at 9 stations along the Polish Baltic Coast. The obtained scale (A) and shape (k) parameters make it possible to describe temporal variations of wind fields and their theoretical probability values. This may have further application in the modeling of extreme wind speeds for seasonal forecasting, climate prediction or in historical reconstructions. The model evaluation was done separately for the calibration (1971-2000) and validation periods (2001-2010). The scale parameter was reconstructed reasonably, while there were some problematic issues with the shape parameter, especially in the validation period. The quality of the developed models is generally higher for the winter season, due to larger SLP gradients, whereas the results for the spring and summer seasons were less satisfactory. Despite this, the 99th percentile of theoretical wind speeds are in most cases satisfactory, due to the lesser importance of the shape parameter for typical distributions in the analyzed region.