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1

Pałac Aleksandry Branickiej w Zinkowcach na podstawie dawnych planów i map

Opyrchał Leszek, Nahnybida Rusłan

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2023

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T. 68, nr 4

113--125

EN

In 1796, Tsarina Catherine II dissolved the estates of the Kamieniec bishops. She bestowed the town of Zinkivtsi (Zinkowce), located adjacent to Kamieniec Podolski, upon Aleksandra Branicka. In the early 19th c., she was to commission an impressive neoclassical palace with a sprawling park spanning several hectares. The property was to be sold to Józef Bietkowski around 1850. However, a comprehensive analysis of eleven 18th- and 19thcentury maps of the vicinity of Kamenets Podolski denies the creation of such an estate in Zinkivtsi. Furthermore, the copious published materials and archives related to the Branicki family, along with the comparatively sparse historical records of the Bietkowskis, fail to confirm the presence of the palace and park complex in Zinkivtsi.

2

Classic palace architecture of the eastern Podillia in Ukraine: historical background and key factors

Khorosha O., Smoliak V.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2018

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Vol. 11, no. 3

13--25

EN

The article deals with the palace architecture of the style of classicism in the Eastern Podillia in Ukraine of the late 18th and early 20th centuries, in the context of historical and socio-political backgrounds. This issue remains poorly studied, because it was not considered comprehensively for Eastern Podillia. The purpose of the article is to establish the factors and historical preconditions of the architecture of the palace complexes in accordance with the world tendencies and regional features of Eastern Podillia. The complex of general scientific and special research methods was applied in the work. It was established, that the palace architecture of Eastern Podillia was formed dependent on socio-economic and political changes in society, a complex of the main factors and worldview-cultural desires of the owners of estates. Determined, that the principles of the European classicism had an impact on the creation of conceptual features and typical signs of the palace complexes of the Eastern Podilia in the context of regional architectural tendencies and belonging to the territory of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth in the 18 century.

3

Wybrane problemy remontowo-konserwatorskie zabytkowego kościoła w Dąbrowicy

Adamowski J., Brychka I.

Materiały Budowlane

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2017

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nr 3

32--34

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zakres wykonanych prac inwentaryzacyjnych barokowego kościoła w Dąbrowicy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej inwentaryzacji sporządzono rysunki architektoniczno-budowlane, a następnie dokumentację fotograficzną, badania zawilgocenia i uszkodzenia murów przez sole. Opracowano sposoby prac konserwatorskich oraz zabezpieczeniowych, a także podano warianty naprawy z zaleceniem co do wyboru jednego z nich.

EN

This paper presents the range of inventory of the baroc church in Dubrovytsia. On the inventory were made architectural and construction drawings and the photografic documentation. Next were made the moisture tests and the tests of wall damages by salts. Finally the methods of the conservations and protections have been presented and also it has been given variants of the repair with the recommendation to choose one of them.

4

Recent studies on the Silurian of the western part of Ukraine

Łuczyński P., Skompski S., Kozłowski W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

281--297

EN

The paper summarises the effects of recent studies carried out by a team from the Department of Historical and Regional Geology of the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw on the upper Silurian of Podolia (western part of Ukraine). The sedimentary history of the Silurian succession of Podolia is characterised by its cyclic pattern, with shallowing-upward cyclothems. In the traditional interpretation, the occurrence of stromatoporoid beds within each cyclothem marks the deepest (or most open-marine) sedimentary environment within the cycle. According to the results of recent studies, their occurrence is connected rather with a relatively shallow-water environment and with high energy phenomena. A substantial reinterpretation of the main sedimentary processes governing the deposition and facies distribution on the shelf is presented. Particularly, there are recognised and described high-energy sedimentary events repeatedly punctuating the generally calm sedimentation that prevailed in the lagoonal settings, some of which are interpreted as tsunami induced. Further perspectives for studies on the Silurian successions of Podolia are also discussed. The main problem is the precise correlation of particular sections that are scattered over vast distances and developed in similar facies associations.

5

Niemirów na Podolu – zapomniany eksperyment urbanistyczny doby stanisławowskiej

Rychkov P.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

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2015

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T. 60, z. 2

5--22

PL

Czasy ostatniego króla polskiego Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego (1764–1795) sprzyjały nowym przedsięwzięciom urbanistycznym. Inicjatywy króla powołały do życia kilka śmiałych projektów, zachęcając do podobnej działalności ambitnych magnatów. Najbardziej odległą od stolicy realizacją jednorodnego zamysłu urbanistycznego była przebudowa podolskiego miasteczka Niemirowa – obecnie centrum rejonowego obwodu winnickiego na Ukrainie. Przebudowa struktury całego miasta była możliwa dzięki udziałowi Wincentego Potockiego, podkomorzego wielkiego koronnego. W końcu lat 70. i na początku 80. XVIII wieku nadano regularny układ przestrzenny miastu, zgodnie ze współczesnymi ideami klasycyzującego urbanizmu. Niestety w ciągu dwóch następnych stuleci charakterystyczne elementy tego projektu uległy stopniowemu zatarciu. Na podstawie mało znanych źródeł archiwalnych podjęto zatem próbę wyjaśnienia historycznych dziejów tego swoistego zabytku sztuki urbanistycznej, dotychczas mało znanego i nieobecnego w studiach nad miastem.

EN

The reign of the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski (1764–1795) was a time when new ideas were welcomed and eagerly embraced in urban planning. The monarch supported a number of bold projects and encouraged similar initiatives among the more ambitious of the nobles. Of all the towns where a uniform planning scheme was implemented, the most distant from the capital was the town of Nemyriv in today’s Vinnytsia Oblast in Ukraine. The entire structure of the town was transformed owing to the involvement of Wincenty Potocki, Grand Chamberlain of the Crown. In late 1770s and early 1780s, the town was given a regular spatial arrangement, in line with the then popular ideas of classicist urbanism. Sadly, the centuries which followed have gradually obliterated the characteristic elements of the design. On the basis of little known archive sources, the author makes an attempt at tracking the fate of this one-of-a-kind urban work of art, so far quite neglected in urban studies.

6

Regressive-transgressive cyclothem with facies record of the re-flooding window in the Late Silurian carbonate succession (Podolia, Ukraine)

Łuczyński P., Kozłowski W., Skompski S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 3

297--318

EN

The term “re-flooding window” was recently proposed as a time-interval connected with the transgressive stage of present day peri-reefal development. In the analysis presented here, a fossil record of a re-flooding window has been recognized. Nine Late Silurian carbonate sections exposed on the banks of the Dnister River in Podolia (Ukraine) have been correlated base on bed-by-bed microfacies analysis and spectral gamma ray (SGR) measurements. Correlated were sections representing settings ranging from the inner part of a shallow-water carbonate platform to its slope, through an organic buildup. The reconstructed depositional scenario has been divided into six development stages, with the first three representing a regressive interval and the latter three a transgressive interval of the basin’s history. The re-flooding window has been identified at the beginning of a transgressive part of the succession. Surprisingly, it is characterized by an extremely fast growth of a shallow, tide-dominated platform and by deposition of calciturbiditic layers in a more basinal area. The interpreted succession is a small-scale model illustrating the reaction of carbonate depositional sub-environments to sea level changes and determining the facies position of the stromatoporoid buildups within the facies pattern on a Silurian shelf. The use of SGR analyses in shallow water, partly high-energy, carbonate facies, both for correlation purposes and for identifying depositional systems, is a relatively new method, and thus can serve as a reference for other studies of similar facies assortment.

7

Stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates interpreted as tsunami deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

Łuczyński P., Skompski S., Kozłowski W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 3

261--280

EN

Tsunami deposits are currently a subject of intensive studies. Tsunamis must have occurred in the geological past in the same frequency as nowadays, yet their identified depositional record is surprisingly scarce. Here we describe a hitherto unrecognized example of probable palaeotsunamites. The Upper Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate succession of Podolia (southwestern Ukraine) contains variously developed event beds forming intercalations within peritidal deposits (shallow water limestones, nodular marls and dolomites). The event beds are represented by stromatoporoid and fine-grained bioclastic limestones, in some places accompanied by flat-pebble conglomerates. The interval with event beds can be traced along the Zbruch River in separate outcrops over a distance of more than 20 km along a transect oblique to the palaeoshoreline. The stromatoporoid beds have erosional bottom surfaces and are composed of overturned and often fragmented massive skeletons. The material has been transported landward from their offshore habitats and deposited in lagoonal settings. The flat-pebble conglomerates are composed of sub-angular micritic clasts that are lithologically identical to the sediments forming the underlying beds. Large-scale landward transport of the biogenic material has to be attributed to phenomena with very high energy levels, such as tropical hurricanes or tsunamis. This paper presents a tsunamigenic interpretation. Morphometric features of redeposited stromatoporoids point to a calm original growth environment at depths well below storm wave base. Tsunami waves are the most probable factor that could cause their redeposition from such a setting. The vastness of the area covered by parabiostromal stromatoporoid beds resembles the distribution of modern tsunami deposits in offshore settings. The stromatoporoid beds with unsorted stromatoporoids of various dimensions evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the beds and with clast-supported textures most probably represent deposition by traction. In some sections, the stromatoporoids are restricted to the lowermost parts of the beds, which pass upwards into bioclastic limestones. In this case, the finer material was deposited from suspension. The coexistence of stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates also allows presenting a tsunami interpretation of the latter. The propagating tsunami waves, led to erosion of partly lithified thin-layered mudstones, their fragmentation into flat clasts and redeposition as flat-pebble conglomerates.

8

Problem tsunamitów. Dlaczego tak mało jest kopalnych osadów tsunami?

Łuczyński P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 11

598–-604

EN

Tsunami is a common phenomenon and one of the most dangerous natural hazards of the modern world. Taking into account the relative high frequency of tsunamis in historical times, we can expect accordingly rich geological records of similar events from fossil formations. However, palaeotsunami deposits are surprisingly rare, mainly because of the difficulty of discerning them from sediments formed by other processes, e.g. storms. Part of the problem lies in the definition of tsunamite, which refers only to the triggering process, and in a different approach while discerning modern and fossil tsunamites. Modern tsunamites are identified by connecting the deposits to a particular historical tsunami event, even if they contain no diagnostic sedimentological features - an approach, which cannot be applied to fossil formations. This can lead to an impression that modern tsunami deposits are much more common than their fossil counterparts, which in turn suggest great intensification of tsunami events in historical times. Lately, a great number ofpapers have been published on sedimentary effects of modern tsunamis. The studies concentrated on land and near-shore areas. Many authors point out that the sedimentary record left by tsunami is commonly surprisingly mean and with a very low preservation potential. When interpreting fossil successions, the most important features that might indicate their tsunamite genesis are: mixing of material derivedfrom various facial zones, evidence of deep erosion and long transport, and association with other symptoms of seismic activity. The stromatoporoid biostromal accumulations in the Upper Silurian ofPodolia are presented here as possible palaeotsunamite deposits. Thick layers of redeposited stromatoporoids within fine-grained peritidal deposits are interpreted as an effect of onshore transport of this relatively light material during high-energy sedimentary events, such as tsunami. In many ways, the stromatoporoid beds resemble modern accumulations oftsunami-derived boulders.

9

Geological and physical-chemical characteristics of Lower Paleozoic deposits of Volhyno-Podillya, Western Ukraine

Kurovets I., Drygant D., Naumko I., Kurovets S., Koltun Y.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2012

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nr 449

119--130

EN

The 340 to 1102 m thick multi-facies sequence was deposited during the Silurian at the Volhyno-Podillya margin of the East European Platform. The open shelf facies bordered from the west by a barrier formed by reefs, bioherms, crinoids, or by banks of detrital sediments (at the boundary of the lagoon and the open sea). Lagoonal deposits are represented by thin intercalations of sedimentary dolomites, sometimes with intercalations of organogenic limestones, marls, argillites, gypsum and anhydrite. Within the open shelf and slope facies, marls, lumpy clayey limestones and argillites are prevailing. A zone of reefal buildups has a rather complicated and insufficiently investigated structure. The exclusively terrigenous deposits of the submerged part of the continental slope form the entire Silurian sequence in the central part of the L’viv Depression and in the Carpathian Foredeep. Open porosity of the Silurian argillites vary from 0.6 to 2.4% and they are almost impermeable (less than 0.001 μm2•10–3). Volume weight ranges between 2.64 and 2.8 g/cm3. Natural radioactivity of rocks varies from 9 to 18 mcR/hr, apparent electric resistance is 20–154 Ohmm, interval time of longitudinal waves spreading is 126–365 μcs/m. TOC content, determined in 21 samples using the thermal analysis, varies from 0.75 to 2.38%. The composition of volatiles of fluid inclusions and closed pores of argillites shows the predominance of methane (up to 100 vol. %). In deeper horizons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and ethane (a few percent) appear.

PL

Zróżnicowane facjalnie utwory syluru, miąższości od 340 do 1102 m, były deponowane na wołyńsko-podolskiej krawędzi platformy wschodnioeuropejskiej. Bariera budowana przez rafy, biohermy i ławice materiału detrytycznego graniczyła na zachodzie z facjami otwartego szelfu. Na wschód od tej bariery, w lagunie, tworzyły się osady dolomitowe z przeławiceniami organogenicznych wapieni, margli, iłowców, gipsu i anhydrytu. Osady szelfu i skłonu są reprezentowane głównie przez margle i ilaste wapienie gruzełkowe oraz argility. Strefa bariery rafowej ma dość skomplikowaną i jeszcze niedostatecznie rozpoznaną budowę. Osady terygeniczne występują tylko w zanurzonym odcinku skłonu kontynentalnego w centralnej części depresji lwowskiej oraz w podłożu zapadliska przedkarpackiego. Efektywna porowatość argilitów sylurskich wynosi od 0,6 do 2,4% i są one prawie nieprzepuszczalne (mniej niż 0,001 μm2ּ10–3). Gęstość objętościowa waha się pomiędzy 2,64 i 2,8 g/cm3. Promieniotwórczość naturalna skał sięga od 9 do 18 mcR/h, a pozorna oporność właściwa wynosi 20–154 Ohmm, czas interwałowy rozchodzenia się fal podłużnych – 126–365 μcs/m. Zawartość TOC, określona w 21 próbkach z wykorzystaniem analizy termicznej, waha się od 0,75 do 2,38%. Skład substancji lotnych z inkluzji fluidalnych i zamkniętych porów w argilitach wykazuje dominację metanu (do 100% obj.). W głębszych horyzontach pojawiają się dwutlenek węgla, azot i etan (kilka procent).

10

Historyczna kartografia Kamieńca Podolskiego

Czubiński J., Tucholska J.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2005

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R. 102, z. 13-A

47--71

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę podsumowania etapu badań autorów nad historyczną kartografią Kamieńca Podolskiego. Zebrane materiały pozwoliły na oznaczenie i skatalogowanie blisko 60 różnych planów Kamieńca Podolskiego, sporządzonych na przestrzeni blisko trzech stuleci, począwszy od pierwszego planu miasta z 1633 r., a na roku 1914 skończywszy. Analiza wszystkich zgromadzonych planów pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie wśród nich kilku istotnych typów oraz na określenie pierwowzorów dla każdej grupy. Ma to podstawowe znaczenie dla usystematyzowania wiedzy o rozwoju kartografii miasta oraz zrozumienia przeobrażeń w urbanistyce Kamieńca.

EN

The article is an attempt to summarize a stage of the authors. research on the historic cartography of Kamieniec Podolski. The materials gathered allowed to label and catalogue nearly 60 different plans of Kamieniec Podolski, made throughout 3 centuries, beginning with the first one from 1633 and the last one from 1914. An analysis of all the gathered plans allowed to sort-out a couple of relevant types and to define prototypes for each group. This has an elemental meaning for systemizing knowledge about the development of Kamieniec.s cartography and understanding urban transformations.

11

Wstępne wyniki badań środkowopaleolitycznych stanowisk lessowych Podola

Sytnik A., Bogucki A., Wołoszyn P., Madeyska T.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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1998

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Vol. 113

121-136

PL

Na podstawie następstwa interglacjalnych i interstadialnych gleb kopalnych w profi- lach 5 lessowych stanowisk Podola określono pozycję stratygraficzną środkowopaleolitycznych warstw kulturowych. Stwierdzono, że zespoły późnoaszelskie pojawiły się w czasie pierwszych interstadiałów przedostatniego zlodowacenia, a kultury mustierskie rozwijały się od interglacjału eemskiego - po wczesne interstadiały vistulianu. Prześledzono zmiany techniki lewaluaskiej, której ślady są obecne we wszystkich zespołach środkowopaleolitycznych Podola i stwierdzono, że może ona być wskaźnikiem wieku tych zespołów.

EN

During the last 2 decades, some 40 Middle Palaeolithic sites were discovered in Podole. Archaeological and geological investigations were carried out in sites: Proniatyn, Hluboczek Wielki I, Igrowica I, Bugłow V and Jezupol (Fig. 1). All of them are situated in loess profiles containing fossil soils and cryogenic horizons (Fig. 2). According to Bogucki (1986, 1987; Bogucki et al., 1994), several stratigraphic horizons can be distinguished in the loess profiles of Podole (numbering after Bogucki, letter symbols after Maruszczak, 1994): (1) Recent soil (A1 and B horizon, 0.5-2.0 m thick) (2) upper part of Upper Pleistocene loess (0.3-3.0 m thick), it corresponds to LMg: upper younger loess (3) Dubno fossil soil (4) lower part of Upper Pleistocene loess (0.5-2.0 m) - LMd: lower younger loess (5) Horokhov fossil pedocomplex (0.5-1.5 m) - soil complex GJ1 (6) upper part of Middle Pleistocene loess (0.3-3.0 m) - LSg: upper older loess (7) Korshov fossil pedocomplex (0.4-1.0 m) - soil complex GJ2 (8) lower part of Middle Pleistocene loess - LSs: middle older loess. The Mousterian culture layers are connected mainly with the lower part of the Upper Pleistocene loess (4) and with the Horokhov pedocomplex (5). The stratigraphy is complicated there due to the presence of bipartite criogenic deformation, with ice wedges formation followed up by solifluction. The majority of Mousterian materials (Fig. 3) can be correlated with the development of the upper, steppe part of the Horokhov pedocomplex, traceable to the early Vistulian interstadials. Only the Jezupol site can be dated to the Eemian. Late Acheulian-type materials (Fig. 4) were found in the upper part of the Korshov pedocomplex (Bugłow I and older layer in Hluboczek Wielki) correlated with early interstadials of the penultimate glaciation. The evolution of Levaloisian technique is observed, beginning from so called “protolevaloisian” technique in Acheulian materials, through radial one to parallel in the Mousterian. It means, that important local tradition of Levaloisian technique development is documented in Podole. This illustrates how archaeological materials can be used for dating fossil soils of unknown geological age. On the basis of these preliminary research, it is suggested that cool continental climatic conditions during the beginning of the Vistulian in Podole were suitable for the development of steppe, providing rich pastures for animals being a prey to Palaeolithic hunters. Such conditions promoted the development of Palaeolithic human settlements. Further geological and palaeopedological studies of these archaeological sites are planned for the nearest future in order to attain detailed picture of human settlement history on the background of Pleistocene stratigraphy and palaeogeography.