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Malacological indicators of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes of the Podhale Basin during the last 2000 years. Studies in the Rogoźnik Stream valley (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł, Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia, Laskowska Paulina

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 3

261--280

EN

The lithological and malacological studies covered sediments forming the low terrace of the Rogoźnik Stream in the northwest part of the Podhale Basin. This terrace is characterised by a uniform structure within a significant part of the valley. Three layers of gravel and four layers of sandy and silty muds were found there. A rich and diversified malacofauna was discovered in fine-grained sediments. Its analysis allowed us to characterise environmental conditions during sediment deposition. The age of the individual components of the sedimentary sequence was determined by radiocarbon dating. A distinct change was found in the upper intervals of the sequence, corresponding to the warm phase of the Medieval Climate Optimum. This period is associated with the robust development of agriculture, and processes related to human activities became the main factor shaping the environment, influencing the course of geological processes, and changing the taxonomical and ecological structure of the fauna and flora assemblages found in this area.

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Molluscan assemblages in sediments of a landslide on Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland) – phases of development and environmental changes

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 1

51--68

EN

A detailed malacological analysis was made of sediments associated with a small landslide which had developed on the north-eastern slope of Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland). The age of the development and environmental changes associated with particular phases of the landslide was determined by means of radiocarbon dating. The analyses made it possible to distinguish two periods of landslide activation falling on the turn of the Early/Middle Holocene and on the Late Holocene (probably on the Iron Age Cold Period). These phases are closely related to periods of increased mass movements, both of landslides and debris flows in other European mountains, stages of glacial advance in the Alps, periods of increased fluvial activity in rivers and elevated water levels in European lakes. The molluscan assemblages also enabled the reconstruction of environmental conditions before the landslide formation, during periods of dormancy, and after the end of its activity.

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Application of malacological analysis to reconstruction of regional and local environmental changes : the Cisowa Skała locality (the Carpathians, southern Poland)

Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia, Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 1

art. no. 5

EN

An isolated limestone hill (Cisowa Skała), located in the Podhale Basin in southern Poland, has yielded mollusc shells and small vertebrate bones in deposits filling small karst forms such as rock shelters, characteristic molluscan assemblages can be identified, the succession of which reflects changes in the environment and also microhabitat variations depending on local factors, such as slope exposure and type of vegetation. These local factors markedly affect regional environmental trends determined primarily by climate change and, during the last several hundred years, also by human activity. Such malacological analysis enables effective palaeogeographical reconstructions, both on the scale of geographical regions and for microhabitats.

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Zmienność cech fizycznych i chemicznych wód źródlanych w zlewni Zagórzańskiego Potoku (Pogórze Spisko-Gubałowskie)

Czarny Gabriela, Pociask-Karteczka Joanna, Nieckarz Zenon

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 3

150--160

EN

The aim of the paper is to examine the variability of physical and chemical characteristics of two springs located in the Zagórzański Stream catchment (Spisko-Gubałowskie Foothills, Podhale region). Calcareous tufa occurs at one of the investigated springs. Field studies were conducted once a month from 25th March 2017 to 28thFebruary 2018. Water of the studied springs represents the bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium type during almost the whole year. The chemical composition of both springs is characterized by seasonal variability. The highest concentrations of most ions occurred in the summer, when the rainfall was the lowest and during winter drought; while the lowest concentration - in the period of increased rainfall. The variability of physical and chemical parameters of the spring with tufa is smaller than the other one. The spring with calcareous tufa stands out by the higher concentration of Mg2+ and SO42- and the presence of radon. The unique landscape values of the surroundings and hydrogeochemical features of the spring with calcareous tufa favour this place as an interesting hydro-tourism attraction in the Bukowina Tatrzańska region.

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Record of environmental changes and fluvial phases in the Late Holocene within the area of Podhale (the Carpathians, southern Poland) : studies in the Falsztyński valley

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geological Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 4

629--642

EN

The Falsztyński valley, in the eastern part of Podhale, Poland includes a low terrace spanning the stream channel, the structure of which has been studied in nine profiles. Five gravel levels and five mud levels with plant and abundant mollusc remains are described, temporally constrained by ten radiocarbon dates. The terrace deposits represent the terminal part of the Atlantic Phase and all of the Late Holocene. The mollusc analysis helped identify phases of environmental change, notably one in the Middle Ages connected with intensive settlement activities in the area of Podhale. These include deforestation, affecting mollusc communities with replacement of forest assemblages by open-country species. The gravel levels records increased fluvial activity periods correlated with humid climate phases. It is possible to distinguish five such periods corresponding to the transition of the Atlantic and Subboreal phases, the middle part of the Subboreal Phase, the transition of the Subboreal and Subatlantic phases, the younger part of the Subatlantic Phase, and the last 200 years. These correspond to the periods of increased fluvial activity in the valleys of other Carpathian rivers.

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Variability of basic geothermal water parameters in Chochołów PIG-1 borehole in the western part of the Podhale Basin

Operacz A.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2018

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nr IV/1

961--972

EN

Geothermal waters under national conditions have the status of minerals, which means that their exploitation is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Geological and Mining Law. In the area of the Podhale Basin, one of the boreholes that extracts water of elevated temperature is the Chochołów PIG-1 borehole which constitutes the basis for the functioning of the Chochołowskie Termy recreation complex. The main feature of the waters intake due to the correct functioning of the complex is the stability of temperature and physicochemical parameters. The variability of most important hydrogeological parameters (temperature, SEC, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) with available data base were chosen for the analyzes. These parameters determine economic viability and proper conditions for the technical exploitation of geothermal borehole Chochołów PIG-1. Water chemistry has been studied in the area of ionic index markings determining the type of exploitating geothermal water. This paper presents the results of analyzes of selected parameters in the years 2016-2017 and indicates trends in their contents in the given period. The general conclusion is that under operating conditions in accordance with the approved performance, physicochemical parameters are characterized by relative stability. The appropriate exploitation of water from the Chochołów PIG-1 borehole allows for maintaining the proper temperature, which is the underpinning for the functioning of the recreation and balneology complex of the Chochołowskie Termy.