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Identyfikacja włókien do celów konserwatorskich. Cz. 4, Słomy zbożowe, esparto, bagassa

Kozielec Tomasz

Przegląd Papierniczy

2020

R. 76, nr 5

277--285

Czwarta część artykułu poświęcona jest zagadnieniu wykrywania włókien roślinnych pochodzących z roślin trawiastych, takich jak: słomy zbożowe, esparto oraz wytłoki z trzciny cukrowej (bagassa). Przedstawiono krótki rys technologiczny i historyczny tychże surowców oraz dokonano przeglądu wyrobów z nich wytwarzanych, które trafiają do pracowni konserwatorskich. Zasadniczą część opracowania stanowi temat przewodni – identyfikacja włókien, w której przedstawiono podstawowe cechy morfologiczne komórek, będących przedmiotem analiz mikroskopowych próbek. Zwrócono uwagę na dużą różnorodność komórek roślin trawiastych, co powoduje pewne utrudnienia związane identyfikacją gatunkową tej grupy roślin używanych szczególnie w papiernictwie, dla którego wytwarzane i mielone masy stanowią wyzwanie analityczne. Są więc one trudniejsze w badaniach niż włókniste wyroby rzemieślnicze, będące także przedmiotem prac konserwatorskich i badawczych.

The fourth part of the article is dedicated to the issue of detecting plant fibers originating from grass plants such as cereal straws, esparto and sugar cane bagasse (bagassa). A brief technological and historical outline of these raw materials was presented, and a review of products made from them, which are sent to conservation atelies, was carried out. The main part of the study is the theme - identification of fibers, which presents the basic morphological features of cells that are subject to microscopic analysis of samples. Attention was paid to the large variet of grass plant cells, which causes some difficulties related to the species identification of this group of plants used especially in papermaking, for which the produced and refined pulps pose an analytical challenge. Therefore, they are more difficult to research than fibrous handicrafts, which are also the subject of conservation and research works.

Floristic Composition of Selected Lowland Meadows in the Liw Commune

Sosnowski Jacek, Solka Krzysztof Marek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 2

79--86

The aim of this paper was to assess the vegetation of six lowland meadows, or study units, located in the Liw Commune. In order to meet the objectives of the research, a detailed list of species on the meadows was drawn up and a weighing analysis of vegetation in individual harvest was carried out. The research involving six meadows was carried out during the 2016 growing season. The meadows were situated in two villages: Ruchna and Ruchenka, located in the Masovian Voivodeship, Węgrów County, and the Liw Commune. The meadows under consideration occupy a total of 19 hectares. They comprise brown soil, leached and acidic, consisting of light clay, with a lower layer of heavy clay and black soil proper of very good quality, made up of light clay lying on medium clay. The soil of the meadows had a high and very high content of mineral nitrogen and magnesium, low or medium content of phosphorus, and a very low content of potassium. Three of the analyzed meadows were harvested three times, while the others were harvested four times. The results of the weighing analysis of the meadows were very varied, both between the units and between harvests. However, it should be noted that in all units the grass share, as an average of all harvest, was in majority of cases, in the range from 55% to 62%.