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A new species of Hystrix (Rodentia: Hystricidae) from the Pliocene site of Węże 1 in southern Poland

Czernielewski Michał

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 1

73--83

EN

The specific name velunensis is established to encompass porcupine remains (Hystrix Linnæus, 1758) recovered from the Pliocene site of Węże 1 in southern Poland. The studied specimen was previously assigned either to H. primigenia (Wagner, 1848) or H. depereti Sen, 2001, however it can be distinguished from these species and other fossil Hystricidae by its distinct occlusal morphology, most importantly the presence of an anterolingual flexus dissecting the anteroloph of P4. Hystrix velunensis sp. nov. was probably closely related to H. primigenia and H. depereti. A previously undescribed specimen from the nearby site of Węże 2 most probably belongs to H. refossa Gervais, 1852b, which would be the first known occurrence of this species in Poland.

2

The history of bears (Ursidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from Silesia (southern Poland) and the neighbouring areas

Marciszak Adrian Przemysław, Lipecki Grzegorz

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 4

876--897

EN

Revision of the Silesian bear fauna, based on material from 152 sites, mainly cave and karstic localities, and also archaeological and open-air sites, shows the presence of 13 forms and species. These records encompass the last 16.5 Ma and may be divided into five main morphophyletic groups. The oldest bears, represented by the genera Ballusia and Ursavus, are dated to 16.5-11 Ma, and belonged to the stem forms of the subfamily Ursinae. After a break of 6 My, the earliest members of the genus Ursus appeared, and all known Pliocene bears in Silesia belong to the genus Ursus were identified as Ursus minimus. They represent one or two migration events. Additionally, between 3.6 and 3.2 Ma, a single occurence of Agriotherium insigne was recorded from the Węże 1 site. A few Early Pleistocene bear records are represented by U. etruscus, which was a probable ancestor of both arctoid and spelaeoid bear lineages. The oldest representative of Ursus ex gr. arctos known so far and assigned to U. a. suessenbornensis is known from one latest Early Pleistocene (1.2-0.9 Ma) locality, while other Polish records of this form require confirmation. The first occurrence of U. deningeri, the oldest taxon within the U. ex gr. deningeri-spelaeus lineage, was recorded from ~700 ka deposits in Silesia. During the pronounced cold period of MIS 12, the Scandinavian ice sheet covered almost the entire modern territory of Poland, with the exception of the Sudetes and the Carpathians. The accompanying drastic faunal turnover led to the formation of the pan-Eurasian Mammoth Fauna at ~460 ka. At that time a characteristic member of this fauna, the steppe brown bear Ursus arctos priscus, a specific ecomorph adapted to live in open grasslands, appeared in this region. It survived until the beginning of MIS 1, when modern Ursus arctos arctos appeared in Silesia and survived to the present day. U. deningeri was the most common bear during the Middle Pleistocene, while the first records of U. spelaeus spelaeus appeared since MIS 7. The latter form was replaced by U. ingressus during the Late Pleistocene (~110-100 ka). Spelaeoid bears totally dominated the cave assemblage, and finally vanished between 27 and 24 ka.

3

Interconnected chambered trace fossils, Pliocene lower Tipam Formation, Tripura, India

Rajkumar Hemanta S., Šimo Vladimir

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 3

261--270

EN

A new kind of trace fossil characterized by filled ellipsoidal chambers interconnected by a boxwork of burrows, shafts and tunnels, in different horizontal planes, is observed in the medium-grained fluvial sandstone of the Pliocene Lower Tipam Formation in the Amarpur area of Tripura in northeast India. The chambers have variable dimensions with lengths of 3-16 cm, widths of 3-10 cm and heights of 2-6 cm. Diameters of the connecting tunnels and shafts are 0.8-0.9 cm on average. The traces are considered to be nest systems of social insects. The discovery is noteworthy as far as the geology of Tripura state is concerned, as such chambered traces have not previously been reported from the Indian sub-continent. Morphology of the studied specimens point toward a new ichnospecies, Vondrichnus amarpurensis isp. nov. of the ichnofamily Krausichnidae.

4

Dynamika zmian klimatycznych w pliocenie i plejstocenie dolnym oraz granica neogen/ czwartorzęd w osadach z południowego Mazowsza (środkowa Polska) na podstawie danych palinologicznych

Winter H.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2015

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T. 202

53--106

PL

Podczas prac kartograficznych prowadzonych w celu realizacji arkusza Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą Szczegółowej Mapy Geologicznej Polski (SMGP) 1:50 000 wykonano następujące otwory badawcze: Wólka Ligęzowska, Wysokin, Sacin, Ceteń 8 i Ceteń 9. Osady występujące w profilach Wysokin, Sacin, Ceteń 8 i Ceteń 9 reprezentowały formację preglacjalną z charakterystycznymi warstwami piaszczystymi, mułkowymi, piaszczysto-mułkowymi i ilastymi, często z humusem i przewarstwieniami torfu. Seria z Wólki Ligęzowskiej miała charakter jeziorno-bagienny. W celu rekonstrukcji zmian roślinności i klimatu posłużono się metodą analizy pyłkowej. Historię zmian roślinności odniesiono do wydzielonych poziomów pyłkowych, które pogrupowano w fazy rozwoju roślinności, a następnie okresy klimatyczno-stratygraficzne. Podstawę do wydzielenia tych faz i okresów stanowiły: podobieństwo florystyczne lokalnych zespołów poziomów pyłkowych (L PAZ), występowanie elementów flory subtropikalnej (P2), arktycznotrzeciorzędowej (A), procentowy udział poszczególnych taksonów w poziomach pyłkowych, procentowy udział taksonów ciepłoumiarkowanych (A1) i chłodnoumiarkowanych (A2), należących do geoflory arktycznotrzeciorzędowej (A). Ponadto wzięto pod uwagę stosunek wartości pyłku drzew i krzewów (AP) do pyłku krzewinek i roślin zielnych (NAP) jako wskaźnik odlesienia i otwartości krajobrazu, skład taksonomiczny oraz procentowy udział NAP, wskazujący na charakter zbiorowisk występujących na siedliskach otwartych. Okresy klimatyczno-stratygraficzne stanowią podstawę do podziału stratygraficznego badanych osadów i jednocześnie dokumentują wielkoskalowe zmiany klimatyczne, wyrażające globalne zmiany klimatu. Interpretacja danych palinologicznych pozwala na określenie wieku osadów z Wólki Ligęzowskiej. Dane pyłkowe pozwalają na korelację fazy 1 WL z poziomem XIII Sequoiapollenites i odniesienie do piętra zankl. Następne fazy, 2 i 3 WL, odniesiono do poziomu XIV Faguspollenites. W związku z brakiem poziomu pyłkowego dla fazy 4 WL zaproponowano wydzielenie poziomu XV Pinuspollenites. Okres II skorelowano z piętrem piacenz. Zapis silnego ochłodzenia klimatu, jaki występował między II i III okresem klimatyczno-stratygraficznym w Wólce Ligęzowskiej, można korelować z globalnymi zmianami klimatycznymi występującymi na granicy neogen/ czwartorzęd, które są datowane astronomicznie na 2,588 Ma, a strop osadów okresu II należy korelować z morskim stadium izotopowym MIS 103. Sekwencja zmian roślinności i klimatu z Wólki Ligęzowskiej doskonale koreluje się z globalnymi zmianami klimatycznymi charakterystycznymi dla pliocenu (do 2,6 Ma) i plejstocenu dolnego. W profilach z Wysokina, Sacina, Cetenia 8 udokumentowano głównie zapis palinologiczny schyłku okresów ciepłych i okresy zimne zgodne z cyklem zmian klimatycznych w plejstocenie dolnym, w którym występują oziębienia i ocieplenia klimatu związane z rozwojem i zanikiem pokrywy lodowcowej na półkuli północnej. Facje rzeczne, z których w większości jest zbudowana formacja preglacjalna, powodują występowanie luk w zapisie palinologicznym, a stopień rozpoznania zmian roślinności w tym czasie jest bardzo ogólny. W miarę konsekwentny przebieg zmian roślinności i klimatu pozwala na wyróżnienie w obrębie plejstocenu dolnego nowej jednostki klimatyczno-stratygraficznej – ocieplenia ceteń. Na podstawie wyników analizy pyłkowej wiek osadów skorelowano z innymi stanowiskami z Polski i Europy.

EN

Mapping survey carried out within the Detailed Geological Map of Poland, 1:50,000, sheet Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, included drillings at the following locations: Wólka Ligęzowska, Wysokin, Sacin, Ceteń 8 and Ceteń 9. Sediments of Wysokin, Sacin and Ceteń 8 and 9 represented a preglacial series with characteristic sandy, silty, sandy-silty and clayey layers, frequently with humus and interbeddings of peat. The series from Wólka Ligęzowska was of a lacustrine-boggy type. Changes in vegetation and climate were reconstructed by means of pollen analysis. The history of vegetational changes was referred to the distinguished Local Pollen Assemblage Zones, grouped into phases of vegetational development and, eventually, into climatostratigraphic periods. Climatostratigraphic periods provided a basis for the distinction of stratigraphic units within the examined sediments and served as a record of large-scale climatic changes resulting from global climate changes. The phases and periods were defined on the basis of: floral similarity of L PAZ, occurrence of subtropical (P2) and arctic-Tertiary (A) elements and their frequency, percentage values of particular taxa in zones, percentage values of warm-moderate (A1) and cool-moderate (A2) taxa of the arctic-Tertiary (A) geoflora, AP/NAP ratio (pollen of trees and shrubs/ pollen of dwarf shrubs and herbaceous plants) as an indicator of deforestation and landscape openness, percentage values and taxonomic composition of NAP. Interpretation of the obtained palynological data provided a basis for determining the age of sediments from Wólka Ligęzowska. Pollen data support a correlation of phase 1 WL with zone XIII Sequoiapollenites (Piwocki, Ziembińska-Tworzydło, 1995, 1997) and with the Zanclean. The subsequent phases, 2 and 3 WL, are conformable with zone XIV Faguspollenites. As phase 4 WL could not be assigned to any zone, distinction of zone XV Pinuspollenites was proposed. Phase II was correlated with the Piacenz. The strong climatic cooling, recorded in Wólka Ligęzowska between climatostratigraphic periods II and III, is likely to correspond to global climatic changes typifying the Neogene/ Quaternary boundary, astronomically dated to 2.588 Ma, while the top part of period II sediments should be correlated with MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 103. The sequence of vegetational and climatic changes from Wólka Ligęzowska shows an excellent correlation with global climatic changes typifying the Pliocene (up to ca. 2.6 My) and Lower Pleistocene. The sections of Wysokin, Sacin and Ceteń 8 bear mainly a palynological record of the closing phases of warm and cold periods, conformable with the Lower Pleistocene cycle of climatic changes, following the de¬velopment and disappearance of glacial cover in the Northern Hemisphere. Regrettably, the most of the preglacial series are formed by fluvial facies: the palynological record includes gaps, allowing only for a partial reconstruction of the vegetational changes proceeding in this time. Within the Lower Pleistocene, the climatostratigraphic unit of the Ceteń warming was defined. Results of pollen analysis provided a basis for correlating the age of sediments with other Polish and European sites.

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Budowa geologiczna i stratygrafia formacji preglacjalnej południowego Mazowsza nad dolną Pilicą

Makowska A.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2015

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T. 202

7--52

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki opracowania profili osadów z 10 kartograficzno-badawczych otworów wiertniczych, wykonanych na południowym Mazowszu, w rejonie Nowego Miasta n. Pilicą. Odwierty o maksymalnej głębokości 80 m przebiły kompleks osadów czwartorzędowych i dotarły do podłoża neogeńsko-paleogeńskiego i mezozoicznego. W dolnej części tego kompleksu występuje formacja preglacjalna, zajmująca ponad połowę jego miąższości. Osady tej formacji poddano badaniom litologiczno-mineralogicznym, palinologicznym i paleomagnetycznym. W wyniku badań określono litologiczny i stratygraficzny skład formacji preglacjalnej, jej wiek oraz paleogeografię analizowanego obszaru w czasie sedymentacji jej osadów. Z badań wynika, że formacja powstawała przez długi okres – od pliocenu po dolną część plejstocenu środkowego, znacznie dłużej niż młodsza glacjalna i postglacjalna część osadów czwartorzędowych.

EN

The paper presents the results of studies of deposits from 10 exploration-mapping boreholes drilled in the southern Mazovia region near Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The boreholes, with a maximum depth of 80 m, pierced a complex of Quaternary deposits and reached the Neogene-Paleogene and Mesozoic basement. The lower part of the complex hosts the preglacial formation constituting more than half of its thickness. The deposits were subjected to lithological-mineralogical, palynological and palaeomagnetic investigations. The research enabled identification of the lithology and stratigraphy of the formation, its age and palaeogeography of the study area during the deposition. The research also shows that the formation was being deposited over a long period, starting from the lower Pliocene to the early middle Pleistocene, much longer than the period of deposition of the younger “glacial” and post-glacial parts of the Quaternary sediments.

6

The complex fault zone within poorly indurated strata in the Orava Basin (Western Carpathians, Poland)

Fheed A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

82--83

EN

The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize a fault zone located within poorly indurated Pliocene clastic strata occurring in the southern part of the Orava Basin on the boundary of Outer and Central Western Carpathians, close to the Pieniny Klippen Belt. The Orava Basin is a part of the Orava - Nowy Targ intramontane basin. The fault zones within poorly indurated sediments are usually very complex. If the rocks are well indurated, a fault zone is divided into two parts - the fault gouge and the damage zone (Fossen 2010). The fault gouge is characterized by the slip plane and strong deformations such as fractures or clasts' reorientation. Not all the researchers, however, agree with a general fault zone model described by Fossen (2010). This model is indeed appropriate for strongly lithified rocks. In case of poorly lithified sediments, Rawling & Goodwin (2006) and later Gudmundsson (2011) and Loveless et al. (2011) suggested adding the third, additional zone - the mixed zone. It separates the fault gouge and the damage zone and the presence of the deformation bands and clasts' reorientation are its main features. The mixed zone records the initial deformations of the sediment and stays active for some time even after the lithification (Rawling & Goodwin 2006). Although no displacement of strata can be noticed in the studied exposure, the occurrence of numerous fractured clasts and exposure-scale fissures can be used in the interpretation of a potential fault zone. In order to describe the considered fault's anatomy, the presented research has been concentrated on the identification of three main fault parts occurring within poorly indurated strata: the fault gouge, the mixed zone and the damage zone. The analyzed exposure, whose length and height exceeds 70 and 15 meters, respectively, is located within a natural scarp in the Cichy Stream Valley. The scarp is mostly NNE-SSW to NE-SW oriented. It is dominated by poorly indurated Pliocene muddy to sand-supported paraconglomerates, mainly comprised of mudstone and sandstone clasts and up to 40% of matrix. The thickness of the rocks observed within the exposure reaches about 15 meters. Besides that, in few places, lense-shaped bodies of sandstone were observed. Their thickness is lower than 1 meter. They appear in the lower part of exposure, close to its easternmost side. From the neotectonic point of view, three groups of structures were recognized: clast-scale fractures, deformation bands and exposure-scale fissures. The paraconglomerates are dominated by the fractured clasts. The clasts are cut either by one or two sets of fractures. The planes of these fractures mainly strike NE-SW to NNE-SW. In the western part of the exposure, the measurements were the most consistent, while the eastern part shows a greater dispersion of the data. In both western and easternmost parts of the exposure, some clasts are reoriented. Inclination reaches even 90°. Fractured clasts' investigation have yielded information about the intensity of the deformation within the paraconglomerate. The counts have shown that the prevailing amount of the fractured clasts occurs in the western part of the exposure - even 126 counts per square meter. The average amount of fractures observed in the middle of the scarp is 57 per square meter, whereas in the eastern part approximately 30 fractures per square meterwere be counted. The deformation bands have been observed within the lenses of sandstones, located in the center of the eastern part of the exposure. Moreover, the whole exposure is cut by numerous fissures that either cut across or bypass the clasts. Some of them are open and wide, while other are narrow. The fissures differ between themselves in terms of size. Therefore they were subdivided into three groups: (1) cutting the whole exposure, (2) disappearing towards the top of the exposure, (3) inferior (the smallest) ones. Except for one fissure placed on the west, the first group appears mainly in the center of the eastern part of the scarp. Second group is located in the center of the exposure. The third group, in turn, can be observed mainly in the eastern part of the paraconglomerate. Besides the inferior fissures (3), they mostly strike NNE-SSW, similarly to the fractures in clasts. The fractured clasts' abundance, fissures' presence and clasts' reorientation can be interpreted as the indicators of a potential fault zone. The large amount of fractures in clasts in the westernmost part of the scarp, in combination with first group fissure presence and clasts's reorientation, leads to the conclusion that it may represent the location of the fault gouge. Whether the gouge is relatively narrow, the observed reorientation might belong to the adjacent mixed zone. The mixed zone seems to occur in few places within the scarp. Its presence can be inferred from deformation bands' location and clasts' reorientation. Quite high background of fractures at the level of approximately 50 per square meter and tension fissures' presence within the whole scarp may indicate of the damage zone location. In this case, the damage zone would cover the largest part of the exposure, leaving the rest of it for a fault gouge and the mixed zone. The model of the dominant damage zone also matches another theory, associated with a shear zone. In this case, the fissures observed within the scarp could be interpreted as the Riedel fractures related to left-lateral strike-slip fault occurring in the vicinity of the scarp.

7

Pliocene-Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation at the Neretva River Mouth, on Croatian Adriatic Coast

Balic D., Malvic T.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 2

233–-241

EN

The Adriatic Sea is an epicontinental, closed sea, part of the Mediterranean. It formed in the Late Miocene, and ended structurally during the Pliocene and Quaternary, when most of its sediments were deposited. The larger Pliocene and Quaternary depressions occur mostly by the western coast, where the deposits are several thousand metres thick, and were sourced from the Alps and the Apennines. The east coast is characterised by the large and elongated Dinarides Mts., that have continental drainage extremely close to the shoreline and a very small erosional rate. Consequently, eastern inflows were and are very short, including strongly tidal estuaries that erode only small volumes of mostly carbonate detritus, adjacent to frontal islands or mountains, with restricted depositional areas. The Neretva River deposits make up part of the largest contemporary delta system on the eastern Adriatic coast, and have been analysed in this study using three seismic sections and one exploration well. These deposits are recognized inside the Neretva and Korčula channels, assuming that processes operating during Quaternary glacial phases shifted the delta tens of kilometres to the west in the past on several occasions.

8

Pliocene freshwater pollen-bearing deposits in the Mizerna-Nowa borehole, West Carpathians, Poland

Birkenmajer K., Worobiec E.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 1

73-–88

EN

This paper describes sedimentology and palynology of freshwater plant-bearing late Cenozoic (Pliocene sensu lato) deposits drilled at Mizerna, the eastern part of the Nowy Targ Intramontane Depression, West Carpathians, South Poland. Our data were obtained from a newly-analysed 39-m thick succession from the Mizerna-Nowa borehole, containing spores, pollen and freshwater organic-walled algal micro-remains. They shed light on the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the Nowy Targ Intramontane Depression, where the Mizerna palaeolake once formed.

9

Pliocene agglutinated benthic foraminifera from Site U1341 in the Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

Kaminski M., Kender S., Ciurej A., Bălc R., Setoyama E.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 2

335–-342

EN

We present the first record of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from 92 samples collected at approx. 3 m resolution in the bottom part of Hole U1341B drilled in the southern Bering Sea during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323. Pliocene agglutinated foraminifera are generally rare within highly diatomaceous claystones occurring from the base of the hole at 601.87 m below sea floor (mbsf) to ~320 mbfs. The agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages are strongly dominated by the infaunal genera Eggerella, Karreriella, Martinottiella, and Spirosigmoilina. The calcareous-cemented Eggerella and Martinottiella are canaliculated with pores that are open to the test surface. Tubular agglutinated foraminifera are rare and are only found in isolated samples. The ecological information gained from this assemblage supports other proxy information indicating high levels of organic productivity and severely hypoxic conditions in the Bering Sea deep water during the Pliocene.

10

Problem granicy pliocen/plejstocen w słodkowodnych osadach Mizernej na Podhalu

Zastawniak-Birkenmajer E., Birkenmajer K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 5

276-283

EN

TheMizerna site (Polish Western Carpathians) is one of the most important Pliocene palaeobotanic sites in Central Europe. Its fresh-water deposits, laid down in a buried river valley, were studied in detail more than half a century ago in natural exposures and shallow boreholes, prior to partial drowning of the area by an artificial lake. The deposits yielded a very rich macrofossil plant collection elaborated in detail by Szafer (1954) who claimed that they represented a continuous succession of the Pliocene through Early Pleistocene plant communities. First palynological examination of the Mizerna deposits (by Oszast) was made more than half a century ago. Re-evaluation of stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic significance of macrofossil plant remains, along with a reassessment of palaeoenvironmental and sedimentary conditions during formation of the Mizerna fresh-water deposits, is in progress. This may help elucidate the problem whether the Mizerna sediments represent both the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene or, solely, the Pliocene successions.

11

O wpływie ukształtowania stropu pliocenu na konstrukcje obudowy głębokich wykopów II linii metra w Warszawie

Dawidowski J. S., Pęski S.

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2011

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R. 67, nr 4

218-220

PL

Omówiono wyniki dotychczasowych badań geotechnicznych, analizowanych w związku z budową odcinka centralnego II linii metra w Warszawie. Obiekty tego odcinka są wbudowane w utwory czwartorzędu, a w swej dolnej części w utwory trzeciorzędu (pliocenu). Zwrócono uwagę na wpływ wbudowanych w utwory pliocenu konstrukcji obiektów na deformację strumienia wód podziemnych.

EN

Current results of geotchnical research were discussed, analysed in connection with the construction of the central section of the second line of the underground in Warsaw. Object of this section were built in the quaternary formation, and in it's lower part were built in the tertiary formation (pliocene). Attention was drawn to the influence of floor deformation pliocene formations on construction of the underground objects.

12

Pliocene age of the oldest basaltic rocks of Penguin Island (South Shetland Islands, northern Antarctic Peninsula)

Pańczyk M., Nawrocki J.

Geological Quarterly

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2011

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Vol. 55, No. 4

335-344

EN

The Penguin Island volcano is located on the southern shelf of King George Island (South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica). Its activity is regarded as connected with the opening of the Bransfield Strait. Penguin Island is dominated by a 180 m high basaltic stratocone (Deacon Peak) with a 350 m wide crater containing a small basaltic plug inside and radial dykes, and it has a second principal vent – the Petrel Crater maar – that was formed during a phreatomagmatic eruption about 100 years ago. A low-potassium, calc-alkaline sequence of basaltic lava flows with intercalations of beach deposits (Marr Point Formation) forms the basement of the stratocone. The Marr Point Formation lava flows have never been dated before. Combined whole rock 40Ar-39Ar isotopic dating and magnetostratigraphy were applied for this purpose. We obtained an isotopic 40Ar-39Ar plateau age of 2.7 š0.2 Ma, and together with the palaeomagnetic data, middle Pliocene age (Piacenzian) is implied for the basaltic plateau of Penguin Island.

13

Phanerozoic paleoenvironment and paleolithofacies maps : Cenozoic

Golonka J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 4

507-587

EN

The paper presents the detailed plate tectonic, paleogeographic, paleoenvironment and plaeolithofacies maps for seven Cenozoic time intervals. Thirty five maps, generated using PLATES and PALEOMAP programs, contain information about plate tectonics, paleoenvironment, and paleolithofacies during Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene, time slices. The spatial reconstruction of basin architectures during their origin, expansion, closure and inversion as well as the dynamic of intrabasinal ridges were obtained by palinspastic modeling. This modeling utilized paleomagnetic data and stratigraphic-facies analysis of basins and ridges. Information contained within global and regional papers were selected and posted on the maps. The detailed paleoenvironment and plaeolithofacies zones were distinguished within the basins. The paleogeographic maps illustrate the geodynamic evolution of Earth from Late Cretaceous to Neogene, spreading and origin of new oceans, oceans closing, collisions, continents accretion and origin of new supercontinents.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia szczegółowe mapy paleogeograficzne dla siedmiu przedziałów czasowych w obrębie kenozoiku. Trzydzieści pięć map, skonstruowanych przy użyciu programów PLATES i PALEOMAP, zawiera informacje dotyczące tektoniki płyt, paleośrodowiska i paleolitofacji w czasie paleocenu, eocenu, oligocenu, miocenu i pliocenu. Przestrzenną rekonstrukcję architektury basenów w okresie ich powstawania, ekspansji, zamykania i inwersji oraz analizę dynamiki grzbietów śródbasenowych uzyskano, wykonując modelowanie palinspastyczne, przy uwzględnieniu badań paleomagnetycznych oraz analizy stratygraficzno-facjalnej basenów i rozdzielających je grzbietów. Informacje zawarte w szeregu globalnych i regionalnych prac zostały wyselekcjonowane i naniesione na mapy. W obrębie basenów wydzielono poszczególne strefy paleośrodowiskowe i paleolitofacjalne. Mapy paleogeograficzne ilustrują geodynamiczną ewolucję Ziemi od późnej kredy po neogen, rozrost (spreding) i tworzenie się oceanów, zamykanie się oceanów, kolizje, łączenie się kontynentów i tworzenie się nowych superkontynentów.

14

Comparative study on the Late Cenozoic red clay deposits from China and Central Europe (Hungary)

Kovács J., Varga G., Dezső J.

Geological Quarterly

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2008

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Vol. 52, No 4

369-369

EN

In the eastern Loess Plateau region of Northern China, the Quaternary loess-palaeosol se quences of the last 2.6 Ma are underlain by the Hipparion Red-Earth Formation (namely the "Red Clay"). The red clay is also a significant deposit in Hungary, the origin of which is controversial. This paper is a comparative study of the Central European (Hungarian) red clay succession and the Xifeng Red Clay profile, the type section for this deposits in the eastern Loess Plateau region. Optical microscopic and SEM analysis were used for grain-size measurements, and both major- and trace-element geochemical properties were analysed to ad dress the question of the origin of Hungarian red clay as well as its environmental implication. We compare the Xifeng Upper Red-Earth (age: ~3.6 to 2.6 Ma BP) with the Hungarian, Tengelic Red Clay Formation (age: ~3.5 to 1.0 Ma BP); both are aeolian deposits ~ genetically related to the Quaternary loess -palaeosol sequence.

15

Novocrania turbinata (Brachiopoda) from the Early Pliocene of the Azores (Portugal)

Kroh A., Bitner M., Avila S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 4

473-478

EN

Novocrania turbinata (POLI, 1795) is documented from the Early Pliocene strata of Santa Maria Island (Azores, Portugal), extending the range of this species to the central Northern Atlantic Ocean. This record increases the meagre brachiopod fauna known from the Pliocene of the Azores, which so far consisted only of Terebratulina retusa (LINNAEUS, 1758). It may also represent an example of a thermophilic species that disappeared locally due to Late Pliocene-Pleistocene climate deterioration.

16

Early Pliocene heteropods and pteropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Santa Maria Island (Azores, Portugal) : systematics and biostratigraphic implications

Janssen A., Kroh A., Avila S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 3

355-369

EN

A holoplanktonic mollusc assemblage from Neogene sediments of the Azorean island Santa Maria is described and analysed to determine the age of the sediments. Sixteen taxa are documented (three heteropods, thirteen pteropods), fourteen of which are new records for the fossil fauna of Santa Maria Island. The composition of the heteropod and pteropod assemblage indicates a Zanclean age, which contrasts with earlier age assignments to the Early, Middle or Late Miocene based on benthic molluscs, but is in good agreement with more recent data based on foraminiferal and geochemical evidence. The pteropod Cavolinia marginata (BRONN, 1862) is re-described based on abundant topotypic material and a neotype is designated. The species Cavolinia vendryesiana (GUPPY, 1873) is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of C. marginata. The temporal range of the pteropod Limacina trochiformis (D.ORBIGNY, 1836) is extended to the Zanclean.

17

Geologiczno-inżynierskie zachowanie się iłów londyńskich i warszawskich

Kaczyński Ryszard

Geologos

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2007

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Vol. 11

481--490

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ilościową ocenę zachowania się eoceńskich iłów londyńskich i plioceńskich iłów warszawskich jako podłoża gruntowego obiektów budowlanych. Główna uwaga została skoncentrowana na właściwościach fizyczno-mechanicznych tych iłów, a zwłaszcza ich podatności na czynniki egzogeniczne i na działanie obciążeń. Ustalono wielkość zmian parametrów wytrzymałościowych wskutek wietrzenia. Określono również zależność naprężenie-odkształcenie, wytrzymałość maksymalną i rezydualną dla analizowanych gruntów. Porównano iły warszawskie z iłami londyńskimi - te ostatnie należą do najbardziej znanych i zbadanych gruntów na świecie.

EN

A qualitative evaluation of the behaviour of Eocene London Clays and Pliocene Warsaw Clays as a foundation for engineering work is presented, with special emphasis on their physico-mechanical properties - in particular their susceptibility to exogenic factors and loading. The magnitude of changes in strength parameters due to weathering has been defined together with the strain-stress relationships and peak and residual strength of the soils examined. The Warsaw Clays have been compared with London Clays, the latter representing one of the world’s most-studied engineering materials.

18

Sedymentologiczny i paleobotaniczny zapis zmian klimatu w plioceńskich osadach rzecznych południowo-wschodniej części Niziny Śląskiej

Badura J., Przybylski B., Salamon T., Winter H.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2006

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nr 421

1--14

PL

W południowo-wschodniej części Niziny Śląskiej w międzyrzeczu Nysy Kłodzkiej i Odry występuje zwarty kompleks neogeńskich osadów rzecznych formacji Gozdnicy. Badania osadów tej formacji prowadzono na stanowisku Tułowice na Równinie Niemodlińskiej. Analiza minerałów ciężkich wykazała, że osady dolnej części profilu, o całkowitej miąższości 18 m, najprawdopodobniej są związane z Nysą Kłodzką, natomiast górnej — z Odrą. Szczegółowym badaniom sedymentologicznym poddano odsłaniające się w wyrobisku osady górnej części profilu. Wyróżniono cztery kompleksy osadów. Na podstawie analizy litofacjalnej stwierdzono, że trzy pierwsze kompleksy powstawały głównie w systemie rzeki meandrującej. Osady kompleksu 4 reprezentują natomiast rzekę o układzie anastomozującym. Próbki z mułowo-ilastych warstw kompleksu 1 i 2 poddano analizie paleobotanicznej. Wynikająca z niej zmienność szaty roślinnej wykazała tendencję do zmian krótkookresowych oscylacji średnich temperatur i wilgotności. Na podstawie badań spektrów pyłkowych stwierdzono plioceński wiek osadów. Transformacja układu koryta, wynikająca z analizy sukcesji osadowej, mogła mieć związek z coraz większymi zmianami klimatycznymi późnego pliocenu, bezpośrednio poprzedzającymi ochłodzenie z początku plejstocenu.

EN

Neogene fluvial deposits of the Gozdnica Formation constitute a continuous cover in the southeastern part of the Silesian Lowland, in the Nysa Kłodzka and Odra interfluve. The 18 m thick succession of these deposits was studied in the Tułowice site on the Niemodlin Plain. Heavy mineral analysis indicates that deposits of the lower part of the succession were probably accumulated by the Nysa Kłodzka River, and those of the upper part — by the Odra River. Detailed sedimentological research was conducted in an excavation where the latter deposits are exposed. Four lithologic complexes were distinguished. It was found that three older complexes were formed mostly ha a meandering river system. The deposits of complex 4 represent alluvium of an anastomozing river system. Palaeobotanical analyses were made for silty-clayey deposits of complexes 1 and 2, and revealed plant cover variability indicating a climatic tendency for short-term oscillations of mean temperatures and humidity. Pollen spectra evidenced Pliocene age of the deposits under study. Both sedimentological and paleobotanical data indicate that the change of fluvial environment could have been associated with a progressive climatic change during the Late Pliocene, directly preceding the Early Pleistocene cooling.

19

Karst genesis of the Swabian Alb, south Germany, since the Pliocene

Abel T., Hinderer M., Sauter M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 52, nr 1

43-54

EN

An integrated approach of geomorphological, speleological, climatological and stratigraphical analysis was applied in a selectet study area in the Swabian Alb (south Germany) to determine the spatial and temporal development of deep karstification since the Pliocene. By correlating the field data derived from applying different analysis, four karstification levels could be identified and assigned to the regional landscape development. The oldest and highest level L IV represents only scattered relics of Late Tertiary karstification. Levels L II and L III are clearly determined by terraces and cave levels. They correspond to major stagnation phases of the regional base level of the river Danube and the pre-alpine glaciation in the Late and Middle Pleistocene. The lowest level L I evolved during the major glaciation of the Riss-period and is still active in the upper reaches but buried under younger deposits in the lower reaches of the area. The study points out the necessity of using different methods to characterise the evolution of karstification.

20

Geodynamika i neotektonika polskich Karpat zewnętrznych

Zuchiewicz W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2001

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Vol. 49 nr 8

710-716

PL

Polskie Karpaty zewnętrzne reprezentują pasmo fałdowo-nasuwcze, zbudowane z płaszczowin nasuniętych ostatecznie na siebie w środkowym i późnym miocenie. Neotektoniczna (plioceńsko-czwartorzędowa) aktywność tego obszaru przejawiała się w: deformacjach plioceńskich i wczesnoczwartorzędowych powierzchni częściowego zrównania, spaczeniu i pochyleniu cokołów skalnych czwartorzędowych teras rzecznych, zróżnicowanym tempie rozcinania cokołów skalnych jednowiekowych teras rzecznych w obrębie różnych jednostek fizjograficznych, wzmożonej akumulacji w obniżanych zapadliskach śródgórskich oraz zachodniej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego, powstaniu nielicznych czwartorzędowych uskoków normalnych w osadach stokowych i rzecznych, jak również umiarkowaną sejsmicznością w południowej części badanego obszaru. Strefy wykazujące tendencje wypiętrzające są stosunkowo wąskie, a układają się subrównolegle do czół głównych nasunięć i złuskowanych fałdów. Kulisowy układ tych stref, nieco odmienny w zachodniej i wschodniej części Karpat zewnętrznych zdaje się sugerować obecność młodych ruchów lewoprzesuwczych wzdłuż strefy uskokowej Kraków–Lubliniec w podłożu nasuniętych płaszczowin karpackich.

EN

The Polish Outer Carpathians represent a fold-and-thrust belt, composed of a stack of nappes that were finally emplaced during the middle-late Miocene times. The neotectonic (Pliocene-Quaternary) activity of this area is evidenced by: deformed ero-sional surfaces of Pliocene and early Quaternaiy age, upwarped/downwarped/tilted strath and complex-response Quaternary terraces, drainage pattern changes, diversified rates of fluvial downcutting in different units during the same time-span, increased accumulation in subsiding intramontane basins and in the westernmost part of the Carpathian Foredeep, few examples of Late Quaternary faulting of fluvial and slope sediments, young jointing within Pliocene molasses in intramontane basins and those of early Quaternaiy age in the Carpathian foredeep, as well as by historical records of minor seismicity, usually confined to the Pieniny Klippen Belt and some oblique-slip faults that cut the inner parts of the Outer Carpathians, of magnitudes not exceeding 5.0 on the Richter scale. The zones showing tendencies to Recent uplift tend to be aligned subparallel to frontal thrusts of individual nappes and larger slices, suggesting the presence of Plio-Quaternary horizontal stresses in the flysch nappes. En echelon arrangement of theses zones, however, slightly different in the western and eastern parts of the study area appears to indicate young sinistral motions along the Kraków-Lubliniec fault in the substratum of the overthrust nappes.