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Comparison of Chemical Composition of Fruiting Bodies of Some Edible Mushrooms Cultivated on Sawdust

Siwulski M., Jasińska A., Sobieralski K., Sas-Golak I.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 1

89-96

EN

In the present research the chemical compositions of fruiting bodies of two strains of Lentinula edodes, two strains of Pleurotus eryngii, Auricularia auricula-judae and A. polytricha were assessed. Above-mentioned mushrooms were cultivated on birch and beech sawdust. The content of protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash in fruiting bodies was assessed. The results obtained show that the cultivation substrate influenced the chemical compositions of fruiting bodies of examined mushroom species and strains. The highest amount of protein was found in fruiting bodies of P. eryngii; but fruiting bodies of L. edodes contained the highest amount of fat and ash. Fruiting bodies of the genus Auricularia was characterized by the highest content of carbohydrates.

PL

Określono skład chemiczny owocników wybranych grzybów uprawnych: dwóch odmian Lentinula edodes', dwóch odmian Pleurotus eryngii, Auricularia auricula-judae oraz A. polytricha. Uprawę prowadzono na dwóch rodzajach trocin: brzozowych i bukowych. Określono zawartość białka, tłuszczu, węglowodanów oraz popiołu w owocnikach badanych grzybów. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały wpływ rodzaju trocin na skład chemiczny owocników badanych gatunków i odmian grzybów jadalnych. Najwyższą zawartością białka charakteryzowały się owocniki P. eryngii, natomiast owocniki L. edodes zawierały największą ilość tłuszczu i popiołu. Owocniki grzybów z rodzaju Auricularia charakteryzowały się największą zawartością węglowodanów.

2

Cationic interactions in caesium uptake by king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii )

Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G., Manjón J., Pianka D., Bazała M., Urban P.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50,suppl.1

9-13

EN

In order to explain influence of common cations (K+, Na+ and Ca2+) on uptake and transport of caesium in macromycetes, a culture of a model mushroom species, king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was set up. Fructification in a growing chamber with stabilised temperature (18°C) and humidity (80%) was preceded by mycelial colonization of the sterilized barley seed medium packed into autoclavable plastic containers. Aliquots of test solutions, containing 0.1 mM caesium chloride carrier traced with 137CsCl and the selected ions, were dosed into the interphase between the container wall and the spawn block. This allowed to study influence of the added ions on the uptake of caesium in a way unaffected by the used growing medium, e.g. soil, as it was in the previous studies. The experiments demonstrated that the major amount of radiocaesium was biologically bound and accumulated in the fruitbodies to a higher extent (56 69%) than in the mycelium. Addition of 10 mM Na+ decreased the transfer factor for caesium (cap/soil) while addition of Ca2+ caused an increase of this value. The effect of potassium addition depended on its concentration in the solution. Also the Cs/K ratio in caps was significantly influenced by addition of 10 and 100 mM Na+. However, the Cs/K ratio in stipes was affected by Ca2+. Discrimination factors, calculated from specific activities (137Cs/40K cap d.w.)/(137Cs/40K stipe d.w.), were also changed after addition of the studied cations. Since the activities of caesium measured in the fruitbodies of single fungal species strongly depend on the content of co-supplied ions, further proofs should be achieved before using mushrooms as bioindicators of the soil caesium contamination.

3

A simple and quick model to study uptake and transfer of radionuclides and heavy metals from mycelium to the fruitbody of saprophytic edible fungi

Manjón J., Urban P., Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G.

Nukleonika

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2004

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Vol. 49,suppl.1

21-24

EN

A simple model of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom culture, grown under stringent laboratory conditions, was developed to watch ecophysiological pathways of xenobiotics in saprophytic fungi. The investigated substances may be added in different stages of biological cycle of the fungus. It is emphasized that to obtain the fruitbodies, all the physiological needs of the species have to be fulfilled, i.e.: nutritional requirements, optimal temperature (according to the biological cycle), humidity, aeration (oxygen and CO2), absence or presence of the light in each reproduction phase, as well as the control of infections and plagues through all the production stages. The described model serves for investigation of radionuclide and heavy metal uptake and transfer in fungi. Double or some multiple fructification from the same substrate is possible giving a possibility to investigate bioremediation by mycoextraction.