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2 2024

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Przyrządy pomiartowe Piotra Curie i ich znaczenie dla badań nad promieniotwórczością

Chrząstowski Piotr

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2024

[Z] 78, 1-2

59--69

This paper describes the instrumentation developed by Pierre Curie in the 1880s to perform very precise measurements of electric charge and very small currents. This system, developed 150 years ago, was almost as precise as most present digital electronic charge measurement apparatuses. Maria Skłodowska-Curie used the same Curie quartz-electrometric system during her research from the selection of the research subject to the final discoveries. The main experimental difficulties regarding the measurement of picoampere leakage currents generated by radioactive rays were presented. It was emphasized that the availability for Marie Curie of a precise ready-to-use electrostatic measurement technique played an important, if not decisive, part in her career and her research. A more general issue addressed here is that laboratory techniques are not only a prerequisite of modern scientific work, but in a great part influence knowledge production.

Maria Skłodowska-Curie i nagrody Nobla

Pospieszny Tomasz

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2024

[Z] 78, 1-2

37--57

Marie Skłodowska-Curie is the only woman awarded the Nobel Prize twice: in physics in 1903 and in chemistry in 1911. She is also the only person to have received these awards in two different scientific disciplines. It is worth noting, however, that she almost did not receive any of them. In 1903, only Pierre Curie and Antoine Becquerel were nominated for the Nobel Prize. It was claimed that Marie Skłodowska-Curie was only her husbandʼs assistant. Thanks to the intervention of Pierre Curie, Marie was also appreciated. In 1911, Madame Curie was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but after French newspapers revealed her affair with Paul Langevin, some Swedish scientists demanded that she resign from receiving the prize. Strength of character, courage and independence made Marie Skłodowska-Curie not give in to attacks from public opinion and lies, and she received both Nobel Prizes with dignity, thus creating her legend.