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Climate change vulnerability of Drâa-Tafilalet oases : A survey and ground-level perspective

Bouzelmate Hicham, Jaiti Fatima, El Bakouri Zineb, Meziani Reda, Hssaini Lahcen, Rhazi Mouhssine

Journal of Water and Land Development

2025

no. 65

164--176

This research investigates the impacts of climate change on date palm cultivation in the Drâa-Tafilalet oases of southeastern Morocco, employing a mixed-methods approach that combines on-the-ground observations and semistructured interviews with 120 date palm farmers. Field observations across three key oases document widespread hazards and effects of climate-related stress on date palms, including disrupted flowering synchronicity, increased incidence of parthenocarpy, and heightened vulnerability to pests and diseases. A survey of these 120 farmers revealed the severity and interconnected nature of these impacts. Several farmers (30% in Boudnib, 40% in Errachidia and 40% in Zagora) observed multiple asynchronous flowering cycles per year, while parthenocarpy emerged as a significant concern, with prevalence ranging from 20% in Zagora to 40% in Boudnib. While 10-15% of farmers reported inflorescence rot, a concerning knowledge gap exists regarding effective preventative treatments, with only 315% of farmers employing them. Farmer surveys further revealed that wind-driven mite infestations pose a growing threat, with 50% of farmers in Zagora reporting significant issues. The research explores ways to reduce the effects of climate change through methods like creating crops resistant to climate conditions, enhancing water supply systems, combining pest and pollinator control methods, and implementing new pollination approaches. Nevertheless, it highlights the need for tailored adaptation and mitigation strategies that incorporate both scientific knowledge and local, farmer-driven insights. The study emphasises the urgency of proactive measures to address the socioeconomic consequences of climate change on these culturally and economically vital oases.

Effects of Compost and Compost Tea on Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake of the Moroccan Date Palm Cultivar “Mejhoul” under Organic Cultivation

Hakimi Fatiha, Sebbar Ayman, Bouamri Rachid, Sidikou Abdel Aziz Hassane, EL Janati Mustapha, Bouaziz Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 7

224--240

Date palm cultivation in regions such as the Middle East and north Africa plays a crucial role in food security, economic development, and environmental preservation. However, the sustainability of date palm farming is threatened by challenges such as soil degradation and nutrient depletion. To address these issues, organic farming practices, particularly the use of compost and compost tea, offer promising solutions. This study assessed the impact of these organic inputs on soil fertility and nutrient uptake in the “Mejhoul” date palm variety. A field experiment was carried out during two successive seasons of 2022 and 2023 in a pilot field in south-eastern Morocco using a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments: To: farmer’s practice (50 kg of compost/tree), T1: To+compost tea at 15 liter/tree/week from April to October; T2: To+compost at 50kg/tree and T3: To+combination of 50 kg/tree of compost and tea compost 15L/tree/week from April to October. Results showed that compost tea (T1) and compost (T2) treatments significantly influenced soil macronutrient and micronutrient levels, as well as chemical properties such as organic matter, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, and pH. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among soil properties, with principal component analysis confirming the variability explained by the main plane. Leaf nutrient content analysis demonstrated seasonal variations and treatment effects on phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, copper, manganese, zinc, and iron levels. Correlation analysis of leaf nutrient content highlighted complex interactions between nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, reflecting their importance in palm leaf physiology. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the benefits of organic inputs in date palm farming, supporting sustainable agricultural practices for long-term viability and environmental protection.