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A comparison of mobbing behaviour in four passerine iberian species during breeding season

Hernández M. Carmen, Lara Rafael A., Redondo Alberto J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2023

Vol. 71, nr 2-3

87--94

Mobbing is a common anti-predatory behavior in birds consisting of loud calls to alert other individuals in the vicinity and aggressive displays in order to drive away a predator. In spite of the extensive bibliography available regarding mobbing behaviour, little is known about how mobbing varies across species inhabiting the same area. Here, we aimed to compare the mobbing response of four Iberian passerine species: the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cooki), the spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor), the great tit (Parus major) and the common blackbird (Turdus merula). To elicit mobbing response in free ranging birds we used a stuffed model of tawny owl (Strix aluco) along with playbacks of calls of this species. We analysed the frequency of observed mobbing events in each species, the mobbing intensity and its duration. Results showed that mobbing displays in C. cooki and S. unicolor were performed in bigger groups in comparison with T. merula and P. major, however, the duration of the mobbing response was shorter. Moreover, we found the lowest level of mobbing intensity in T. merula, the most solitary species studied. Our findings indicate that mobbing varies across species in the same area, suggesting that birds adapt mobbing behavior to the particular characteristics of their species and that social complexity might influence these differences.

Long-Term Changes in Population Density of Nest-Box Breeding Great Tits and Blue Tits in Two Contrasting Habitats in Central Poland

Glądalski M., Wawrzyniak J., Bańbura M., Kaliński A., Markowski M., Skwarska J., Zieliński P., Bańbura J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2016

Vol. 64, nr 3

399--408

Urbanization affects the ecological and behavioral traits of various species of animals, including birds.We present results concerning long-term fluctuations in breeding densities of nest-box populations of the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus and the Great Tit Parus major in two, structurally and floristically contrasting types of habitat (an urban parkland and a rich deciduous forest) located 10 km apart, in central Poland. This study was conducted in 1999–2012 in the parkland site and in 2002–2012 in the forest site. We found a strong correlation of year-to-year changes in breeding densities of Great Tits between the parkland site and the forest site and a lack of such a correlation in Blue Tits. Breeding densities of Great Tits were much higher in the parkland than in the forest area every year during the study period. Annual changes in breeding densities were not correlated between the species studied. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO-winter index) tended to influence the density dynamics of the two bird species in the forest area but not in the parkland area.