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1

Revision of the trace fossil Megagrapton Książkiewicz, 1968 with focus on Megagrapton aequale Seilacher, 1977 from the lower Eocene of the Lesser Caucasus in Georgia

Uchman Alfred, Lebanidze Zurab, Beridze Tamar, Kobakhidze Nino, Lobzhanidze Koba, Khutsishvili Sophio, Chagelishvili Rusudan, Makadze Davit, Koiava Kakha, Khundadze Nino

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 1

art. no. 8

EN

Megagrapton Książkiewicz, 1968 is a characteristic deep-sea trace fossil belonging to the group of graphoglyptids and mostly preserved as a network of irregular meshes in hypichnial semirelief. So far, eleven ichnospecies have been distinguished under this ichnogenus, though commonly on weak evidence. The so-far poorly known ichnospecies Megagrapton aequale Seilacher, 1977 is described here on the basis of the numerous, newly discovered specimens from deep-sea siliciclastic deposits of the Bolevani Subsuite (lower Eocene) in the Lesser Caucasus of Georgia, together with other collections and published examples. A neotype of this ichnospecies is designated and the diagnosis emended. M. aequale occurs in lower Cambrian to upper Miocene deep-sea turbiditic deposits, mostly in the Paleogene. It is characterized by relatively small, variable meshes, which have mostly irregular sub-pentagonal, sub-hexagonal or sub-heptagonal shapes that are variable in size and are bordered by curved or straight semicircular ridges. It has been mistaken for Paleodictyon, which forms regular hexagonal nets. Paleodictyon imperfectum Seilacher, 1977 is included in M. aequale as the ichnosubspecies M. a. imperfectum, which is characterized by relatively thin bordering ridges. After critical analysis of all ichnospecies, only M. irregulare Książkiewicz, 1968, M. submontanum (Azpeitia Moros, 1933), and M. aequale are recommended for further use. These are distinguished on the basis of the prevailing morphology of the meshes, irrespective of large differences in morphometric parameters within the ichnospecies. Irredictyon chaos Vialov, 1972 is included in M. irregulare as the ichnosubspecies M. i. chaos, which is characterized by relatively thick bordering ridges. Megagrapton is interpreted as a cast of a subsurface open burrow network with a few connections to the sea floor. The burrows probably functioned as a trap for small organisms (ethological subcategory irretichnia).

2

Putative ichnogenus Paralanicichnites Ghare and Badve 1981 from the Palaeogene of the Kachchh Basin (India) is a coral

Kulkarni Kantimati G., Sikilkar Namra

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 1

95--98

EN

Structures, reported as the trace fossil, Paralanicichnites conflueris, were described from the Palaeogene rocks of the Kachchh (Kutch) District, Gujarat State, India, by Ghare and Badve as a new ichnogenus and ichnospecies. Restudy of the type specimens revealed that the form described as a burrow in fact is a scleractinian coral, as evidenced by its phaceloid morphology, septate calcareous exoskeleton, and twelve primary septa. It appears that there is also confusion regarding the exact geological formation, from which the specimens under consideration were taken by the original authors, as well as the age assigned by them.

3

Palynology of Oligocene lignites in two karst palaeosinkholes at Górażdże, Upper Silesia, Poland

Worobiec Elżbieta, Szulc Joachim

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 4

495--504

EN

A palynological analysis was carried out on about 115 samples from two borehole cores, containing the infills of two palaeosinkholes at Górażdże. In both sinkholes, well preserved palynofloras were found in several lignite samples. A total of 54 fossil species, including 5 species of cryptogam spores, 7 species of gymnosperm pollen and 42 species of angiosperm pollen, were identified. No marine palynomorphs or microremains re-deposited from older sediments have been found in these samples. The spore-pollen assemblage made it possible to date the sinkhole deposits. The composition of the assemblage (e.g., abundance of small tricolporate pollen grains of the Fagaceae family, including Cupuliferoipollenites pusillus, Fususpollenites fusus, and Quercoidites microhenricii) indicates that the age of the lignites in both sinkholes is early Oligocene. Thus, the deposits at Górażdże correspond to the 5th Czempiń lignite seam group. The 5th seam occurs mainly in northwestern Poland and its lignites were deposited in isolated wetland basins with marine influences. The terrestrial Górażdże palynoflora without any marine influence shows mainly local early Oligocene vegetation from the surrounding area. The results are also direct evidence of the multiphase palaeokarst of the Silesian-Cracow Upland, including the deposition of lignites of various ages.

4

New data on the continental deposits from the Cao Bang Basin (Cao Bang-Tien Yen Fault Zone, NE Vietnam) - biostratigraphy, provenance and faciespattern

Wysocka A., Pha D. P., Durska E., Czarniecka U., Thang D. V., Filipek A., Cuong N. Q., Tuan D. M., Huyen N. X., Tha H.V.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

689--709

EN

The Cao Bang Basin is the northernmost of the basins related to the Cao Bang-Tien Yen Fault Zone in northern Vietnam. The basin is filled with a thick series of continental deposits. However, the exact age of the sedimentary basin infill has been under discussion for a long time. Because of new published data, the authors have decided to revisit this basin. Palynological data has allowed us to assign the Cao Bang Basin infill to the Lower Oligocene PC1 complex of the Shangcun Fm. (southern China). Among the saccate grains of gymnosperms, the domination of Cathaya and Pinus was observed, whereas angiosperms are represented by Carya, Celtis, Hammamelidaceae, Ulmus and also Pterocarya, Quercus, the Castanea–Castanopsis–Lithocarpus group, and the Loranthaceae. Among pteridophytes occur Laevigatosporites, Osmundaceae, and Pteris. The sedimentological features of the Cao Bang Basin are distinct from those of other basins from the Cao Bang-Tien Yen Fault Zone. The basin is filled with a wide variety of clastic deposits, from some of coarse-grained, alluvial-fan origin, through sandy beds of fluvial origin up to fine, organic-rich lacustrine deposits. The coarse-grained lithofacies are built of clasts derived mainly from local sources. The sandstones from the basin equally are submature or immature. They contain a lot of lithoclasts, the composition of which depends on the sample location within the basin. The potential source area is composed of older sedimentary units and of granitic rocks. The geochemical samples studied reflect the geochemical composition of silicic source rocks with only a minor contribution of basic components. The succession that fills the basin is interpreted as a typical fill for relatively long-lasting evolving half-graben or strike-slip basins. Moreover, the basin is partly occupied by a subsequent present-day sedimentary basin of Quaternary age.

5

From museum drawers to ocean drilling: Fenneria gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta) offers new insights into Eocene marine diatom biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Witkowski J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 1

53--88

EN

Triceratium barbadense Greville, 1861a, T. brachiatum Brightwell, 1856, T. inconspicuum Greville, 1861b and T. kanayae Fenner, 1984a, are among the most common diatoms reported worldwide from lower to middle Eocene biosiliceous sediments. Due to complicated nomenclatural histories, however, they are often confused. A morphometric analysis performed herein indicates that T. brachiatum is conspecific with T. inconspicuum, and that both were previously often misidentified as T. barbadense. Triceratium barbadense sensu stricto is a distinct species similar to Triceratium castellatum West, 1860. Triceratium brachiatum and T. kanayae are transferred herein to a new genus, Fenneria, for which a close phylogenetic relationship with Medlinia Sims, 1998 is proposed. A review of the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of Fenneria shows that the best constrained records of its occurrences are found at DSDP Site 338, and ODP Sites 1051 and 1260. The ages of the base (B) and top (T) of each species’ stratigraphic range are calibrated here to the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale either directly or inferred via correlation with dinocyst biostratigraphy. Latitudinal diachroneity of ~7 million years is documented for F. brachiata, which disappears earlier in tropical and mid-latitude sites than in the northern high latitudes. These observations, coupled with a preliminary compilation of the Chron C20n taxonomic composition of pelagic diatom assemblages for Sites 338, 1051 and 1260, indicate that diatoms diversified palaeobiogeographically considerably earlier than the Eocene-Oligocene Transition, as commonly believed. This study also emphasizes the importance of the detailed examination of specimens from both museum collections and deep-sea cores as a step toward enhancing the utility of Palaeogene diatoms in palaeoceanographic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.

6

New data on pre-Eocene karst in the Tatra Mountains, Central Carpathians, Poland

Gradziński M., Jach R., Hercman H.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

291-300

EN

Sparry limestone, ferruginous muddy limestone and limestone breccia have been found in the Western Tatra Mts. They occur within Jurassic rocks of the Choč Nappe just below red conglomerates of probable Eocene age. The deposits found bear strong resemblance to the infill of subterranean karst forms. They differ significantly from Quaternary karst deposits of the Tatra Mts. The δ18O values of spelean carbonates suggest crystallisation at relatively high temperatures (over 20°C) whereas their relatively negative δ13C values imply the presence of soil-derived CO2 linked with vegetation dominated by C3 pathway plants. The karst forms and their infill were formed before the Eocene transgression, which shows unequivocally that the Tatra Mts. were subjected to karstification at that time.

7

Dinoflagellate cysts from the Palaeogene of the Łukowa-4 borehole (Carpathian Foredeep, SE Poland) : biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment

Gedl P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2015

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Vol. 85, No. 1

285--308

EN

This paper documents the presence of Eocene marine strata in the Carpathian Foredeep area in Poland. Assemblages of marine dinoflagellate cysts have been found in sands penetrated by the Łukowa-4 borehole below the Miocene succession of the foredeep. Their age is interpreted as Late Eocene. The presence of marine strata of this age in this area sheds new light on the palaeogeography of the Carpathian foreland during the Late Eocene. The dinoflagellate cysts described are compared with coeval Carpathian and epicontinental assemblages; possible connections between these two basins are discussed. Phytogenetic deposits that occur above the marine sands of the Łukowa-4 borehole contain freshwater palynomorphs, indicating their swamp and lacustrine origins. The overlying sand contains impoverished dinoflagellate cyst assemblages; their age is discussed.

8

Coals of the Calypsostranda Group (Palaeogene) at Bellsund, Spitsbergen

Birkenmajer K., Gmur D.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 133

51-63

EN

Numerous thin coal seams occur in terrestrial deposits of the Skilvika Formation, Calypsostranda Group (Late Palaeogene), at Bellsund, central Spitsbergen. According to coal-petrographic study, they mainly belong to the vitrinite-fusinite facies. At Calypsostranda (Tyvjobekken), Calypsobyen (abandoned coalmine) and Skilvika (coastal main section), they are represented mainly by telocollinite subfacies which developed in a wet forest swamp at high groundwater level condition (the "shale with coal streaks" subfacies) close to a delta distributary or main river channels. At Rensdyrbekken (NW Calypsostranda), an increased share of herbaceous swamp facies was recognized in coal formation: a sapropelic coal facies was generated there under condition of inner parts of interchannel lakes.

9

Palynology of the Palaeogene and Neogene from the Warmia and Mazury areas (NE Poland)

Słodkowska Barbara

Geologos

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2009

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Vol. 15, No. 3-4

219--234

EN

Pollen, phytoplankton and microfauna from the Palaeogene and Neogene of two boreholes in NE Poland have been studied. Borehole Klucznik 1 is located in the Warmia area, and borehole Sąpłaty 3 borehole in the Mazury area. The oldest palynomorph assemblage comes from the Klucznik sediments; it consists of phytoplankton from the Early Palaeocene (Danian) D1 and D2 dinocyst zone, and from the Selandian D3 zone. The Eocene is present in the both the Klucznik and the Sąpłaty successions. The Middle Eocene assemblage has been dated as late Bartonian and belongs to the D11 dinocyst zone. The Late Eocene (Priabonian) D12 dinocyst zone is also present in both boreholes. Sporomorphs of a Late Eocene palynomorph assemblage point on the proximity of land and on terrestrial vegetation. The dinocyst zone D13, characteristic for the earliest Oligocene (‘Latdorfian’) has been found in both profiles as well. A Neogene sporomorph assemblage dating from the Middle Miocene (Early Serravallian) occurs only in the Sąpłaty profile. This sporomorph assemblage is correlated with pollen zone VIII. Pollen zone IX is present in the uppermost part of the Middle Miocene (Middle Serravallian). Late Miocene deposits (Late Tortonian) with pollen zone XI are present, too. The Miocene deposits accumulated in densely vegetated swamps, resulting now in the occurrence of lignite. The sedimentary conditions in the Warmia and Mazury regions were identical during the Neogene and Palaeogene, implying that both provinces belonged at the time to one sedimentary basin.

10

The Orava Deep Drilling Project and post-Palaeogene tectonics of the Northern Carpathians

Golonka J., Aleksandrowski P., Aubrecht R., Chowaniec J., Chrustek M., Cieszkowski M., Florek R., Gawęda A., Jarosiński M., Kępińska B., Krobicki M., Lefeld J., Lewandowski M., Marko F., Michalik J., Oszczypko N., Picha F., Potfaj M., Słaby E., Ślączka A., Stefaniuk M., Uchman A., Żelaźniewicz A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2005

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Vol. 75, No 3

211-248

EN

This paper presents an insight into the geology of the area surrounding the ODDP proposed drilling site, and the structural development of the Carpathians in post-Palaeogene times. Since the deep drilling is proposed to be located in the Orava region of the Northern Carpathians, on the Polish-Slovak border, the structure and origin of the Neogene Orava Basin is also addressed in the paper. The outline of geology of the Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia and Poland is presented. This outline includes the Inner Carpathian Tatra Mountains, the Inner Carpathian Palaeogene Basin, the Pieniny Klippen Belt, the Outer Carpathians, the deep structure below the Carpathian overthrust, the Orava Basin Neogene cover, the Neogene magmatism, faults and block rotations within the Inner and Outer Carpathians, and the Carpathian contemporary stress field. The outline of geology is accompanied by the results of the most recent magnetotelluric survey and the detailed description of the post-Palaeogene plate tectonics of the circum-Carpathian region. The oblique collision of the Alcapa terrane with the North European plate led to the development of the accretionary wedge of the Outer Carpathians and foreland basin. The northward movement of the Alpine segment of the Carpathian-Alpine orogen had been stopped due to its collision with the Bohemian Massif. At the same time, the extruded Carpatho/ Pannonian units were pushed to the open space, towards a bay of weak crust filled up by the Outer Carpathian flysch sediments. The separation of the Carpatho/Pannonian segment from the Alpine one and its propagation to the north was related to the development of the N-S dextral strike-slip faults. The formation of the West Carpathian thrusts was completed by the Miocene time. The thrust front was still progressing eastwards in the Eastern Carpathians. The Carpathian loop including the Pieniny Klippen Belt structure was formed. The Neogene evolution of the Carpathians resulted also in the formation of genetically different sedimentary basins. These basins were opened due to lithospheric extension, flexure, and strike-slip related processes. A possible asteno- sphere upwelling may have contributed to the origin of the Orava Basin, which represents a kind of a rift modified by strike-slip/pull-apart processes. In this way, a local extensional regime must have operated on a local scale in the Orava region, within the frame of an overall compressional stress field affecting the entire West Carpathians. Nevertheless, many questions remain open. Without additional direct geological data, which can be achieved only by deep drilling under the Orava Deep Drilling Project, these questions cannot be fully and properly answered.

PL

W grudniu 1999 Polska dołączyła do programu wierceń kontynentalnych - International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). W ramach tego programu jest przygotowywany projekt głębokiego wiercenia w strefie kontaktu teranu Karpat wewnętrznych i płyty północnoeuropejskiej. Praca przedstawia zarys geologii Karpat na terenie Polski i Słowacji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Tatr, paleogenu wewnątrzkarpackiego, pienińskiego pasa skałkowego, zachodnich Karpat zewnętrznych, podłoża nasunięcia karpackiego na południe od Krakowa, neogeńskiego wulkanizmu i budowy geologicznej niecki orawskiej. Wiercenie "Orawa" byłoby usytuowane w rejonie Jabłonki-Chyżnego na linii przekroju sejsmicznego CELEBRATION CEL01, jak również w niedalekim sąsiedztwie głębokiego przekroju geologicznego Kraków-Zakopane i na linii przekroju Andrychów-Chyżne. Przekroje Kraków--Zakopane i Andrychów-Chyżne wykorzystują szereg wierceń Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego i PGNiG, a także badania sejsmiczne i magnetote-luryczne. Usytuowanie wiercenia w rejonie przygranicznym pozwoli na międzynarodową współpracę z geologami i geofizykami słowackimi. Wiercenie to ma na celu wyjaśnienie szeregu problemów badawczych. Jednym z nich jest zagadnienie młodych i współczesnych ruchów tektonicznych w Karpatach. Przez obszar karpacki przebiega granica europejskiego pola plam gorąca, wyznaczona neogeńskim wulkanizmem oraz rozkładem strumienia cieplnego. Na obszarze pomiędzy Górną Orawą a Górnym Śląskiem, linia graniczna łącząca neogeńskie wulkanity Zakarpacia z andezytami rejonu przypienińskiego i bazaltami Dolnego Śląska przecina skośnie nasunięcia jednostek fliszowych Karpat Zewnętrznych. Równocześnie w rejonie Orawy do pienińskiego pasa skałkowego skośnie dochodzi oś karpackiej, ujemnej anomalii grawimetrycznej, a podłoże skonsolidowane występuje na głębokości nie większej niż 6-9 km, a więc w zasięgu głębokiego wiercenia, co sugerują wyniki badań megnetotellurycznych (Żytko, 1999) i magnetycznych. Podniesienie to, przy generalnym zapadaniu podłoża platformy europejskiej pod Karpaty ku południowi, może bya spowodowane warunkami geotermicznymi, na skutek podnoszenia się astenosfery i występowania pióropuszy płaszcza. Pióropusze te mogą bya niezależne od karpackiej kompresji i subdukcji. Z piórpuszami tymi łączy się lokalna i regionalna ekstensja w warunkach megaregionalnej kompresji. Zjawiska tego rodzaju nie są jeszcze dokładnie poznane, aczkolwiek występują w kilku miejscach na świecie (np. Panteleria na Morzu Śródziemnym). Opracowanie zagadnienia roli pióropuszy płaszcza i określenie ich relacji do kolizji i subdukcji mają zasięg globalny, a ich wyjaśnienie w rejonie karpackim pozwoli na stworzenie uniwersalnego modelu ewolucji orogenów. Nie jest wykluczone, że mamy do czynienia z orogenezą "modyfikowaną" przez pióropusz płaszcza. Powstanie niecki Orawy i Podhala mogłoby więc mieć związek z riftingiem spowodowanym wpływem pióropuszy płaszcza na pograniczu dwóch płyt. Ryft ten jest obrzeżony między innymi wyniesieniami Babiej Góry i Orawskiej Magury. Z ryftem może być związany wulkanizm ukryty pod neogeńskimi utworami niecki orawskiej, a widoczny jako wysokooporowe ciała na profilach megnetotellurycznych. Tektonikę tego obszaru komplikuje występowanie uskoków przesuwczych o różnym przebiegu i orientacji i związane z nimi tworzenie się basenów międzyprzesuwczych typu pull-apart. Proponowane wiercenie przyczyniłoby się do uzyskania odpowiedzi na postawione wyżej problemy. Dla określenia dokładnej lokalizacji wiercenia i jego właściwej interpretacji geologicznej konieczne będzie wykonanie dodatkowych prac geofizycznych. Płytka sejsmika wyjaśniłaby zasięg utworów neogeńskich i pozycję pienińskiego pasa skałkowego pod utworami neogenu, zaś głęboka sejsmika, a zwłaszcza zdjęcie 3-D, przyczyni łaby się do lepszego rozpoznania tektoniki wgłębnej.

11

Analiza paleotektoniczna paleogeńskiej i neogeńskiej aktywności północnych fragmentów strefy dyslokacyjnej Poznań–Oleśnica

Widera M., Banaszak J., Cepińska S., Derdowski R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 8/1

665-–674

EN

Northern part of the Poznań–Oleśnica Dislocation Zone (SDP–O), including Mosina and Naramowice grabens, is located between Czempiń and northern districts of Poznań. In this article, the aim of study is to determine the Palaeogene and Neogene tectonic evolution of both grabens. Basing on combination of cross-sections and aggradation coefficient — AC analysis, three periods of tectonic subsidence were recognized. The first one took place from the Lower Mosina Formation to the Upper Mosina Formation sedimentation with maximum development during the Czempiń Formation accumulation (Lower Oligocene). During the Ścinawa Formation (Middle Miocene, the lower part) sedimentation the study area was affected by the second period of tectonic subsidence. The last period of the Naramowice and Mosina grabens tectonic evolution is not exactly known. However, this its timing may be determined. It lasted after the Middle–Polish Member, lower part of the Poznań Formation, and before the Pleistocene glacial sedimentation (after the middle part of the Middle Miocene). Finally, these periods of tectonic subsidence in the SDP–O are correlated with tectonic phases recognized by Stille (1952). The first two periods relate to Pyrenean and Styrian (Early Styrian) phases. The third one may be connected to post-Moldovian (post-Late Styrian) phase or phases (Attican, Wallachian, etc.).

12

Phases of Palaeogene and Neogene tectonic evolution of selected grabens in the Wielkopolska area, central-western Poland

Widera M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2004

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Vol. 74, No 3

295-310

EN

In the Wielkopolska (Great Poland) area, there occur numerous tectonic grabens which were active in the Palaeogene and Neogene. The similarities and differences between their development are presented on the example of the Czempiń, Szamotuły, Lubstów, and Władysławów Grabens. Using various methods of palaeotec- tonic analysis, the stages of accelerated subsidence of the grabens, i.e. tectonic phases, were indicated. The extent of vertical movement in the studied grabens were compared and it was affirmed that there is a connection between the occurrence of older dislocations and salt structures in the deep basement. From among the examined grabens, the Lubstów Graben is the deepest one, and shows the most complex geological structure. The Czempiń and Szamotuły Grabens are characterized by relatively simple geological structure, where the stratigraphic complete- ness and tectonic style are very legible. These three grabens were active in different tectonic stages from the turn of the Eocene/Oligocene till the end of the Neogene, and perhaps also in the Prepleistocene. The Władysławów Graben is a very shallow tectonic structure and its evolution lasted for the shorter period of time. The time of its development extended from the Early through the Middle Miocene. These grabens provide a good example of the relationship between the fault throw and graben location. The Czempiń, Szamotuły, and Lubstów Grabens, connected with deeply-rooted dislocations, came to existence in the Pyrenean phase (latest Eocene - Early Oligocene). However, the Władysławów Graben was affected mainly by salt structure activity. Thus, its first stage of tectonic evolution took place in the Savian phase (Early Miocene).

13

Additional records of Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeogene echinoids from the Gschliefgraben (Ultrahelvetic, Upper Austria)

Kroh A., Jagt J. W. M., Wagreich M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 4

551-571

EN

Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeogene echinoid faunules collected in recent years from the surface of an active mudflow at the Gschliefgraben near Gmunden (east of the Traunsee, Upper Austria) are both fairly diverse and of considerable palaeobiogeographic interest. So far, only (Late) Campanian taxa have been described and illustrated. In the present paper, notes are presented on additional Campanian, Maastrichtian and Palaeogene taxa, namely Lampadocorys? estermanni sp.nov., Lampadocorys? sp.nov. 1, Lampadocorys? sp.nov. 2, Rispolia cf. subtrigonata (CATULLO), Seunaster cf. heberti (SEUNES), Echinocorys ancileformis MOSKVIN & SHIMANSKAYA, Echinocorys ex gr. fonticola ARNAUD, Ganbirretia? sp., Micraster aturicus HEBERT in SEUNES, Micraster corcolumbarium DESOR, Micraster stolleyi (LAMBERT in DE GROSSOUVRE), Pseudogibbaster? sp., and Coraster beneharnicus SEUNES.These species indicate a close relationship with the Tethyan areas of northern Spain and SW France, the Crimea, Georgia and the northern Caucasus, although a number of holasteroid and micrasterid taxa would appear to be more common and widely distributed in boreal settings (e.g., NW Europe).

14

Tufity biotytowe w eocenie otworu Biały Dunajec PAN-1 na Podhalu

Kępińska B., Pawlikowski M., Nagel J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 11

1045-1052

PL

Opisano serię piroklastyczną zawierającą sześć wkładek tufitów ze spągowej części paleogenu podhalańskiego w otworze wiertniczym Biały Dunajec PAN-1. Seria ta znajduje się na głębokości 2056-2089 m, poniżej typowych warstw szaflarskich dolnych, a powyżej zlepieńców węglanowych eocenu środkowego. Wiek serii z tufitami został określony jako najwyższy eocen (priabon). Badania mineralogiczno-petrograficzne i rentgenograficzne wskazują, że tufity są zbliżone charakterem do skał klasy dacytu lub andezytu. Materiał piroklastyczny jest w różnym stopniu przeobrażony. Tufity zawierają także zmienną domieszkę kalcytu mającego charakter synsedymentacyjny, który częściowo jest przekrystalizowany w kalcyt średniokrystaliczny. Tufity są prawdopodobnie efektem działalności jednego, niezbyt odległego centrum magmowego. Ich pozycja stratygraficzna i skład mineralny są zbliżone do tufitów opisanych przez Głazka i in. (1998) z doliny Suchej Wody. W regionalnym ujęciu, seria ta odpowiada przypuszczalnie tufitowemu poziomowi tzw. piaskowca biotytowego z Małej Niziny Węgierskiej.

EN

The pyroclastic series containing six tuffitic intercalations from the bottom part of the Podhale Palaeogene recognized in the well Biały Dunajec PAN-1 was described. The series is situated at the depths of 2056-2089 m, below typical Flysch Lower Szaflary Beds and above the Middle Eocene carbonate conglomerates. The age of the series with tuffites was defined as the uppermost Eocene (Priabonian). Mineralogical-petrographical investigations and X-ray analyses indicate that pyroclasitc material found in tuffites is of character similar to rocks of dacite or andesite class. Pyroclastic material is altered. Additionally, tuffites contain admixture of syngenetic calcite partially recrystallized up to medium crystalline size. Tuffites were probably deposited as a result of activity of one, localized not very far, magmatic center. Stratigraphic position of tuffites as well as mineral composition may suggest their similarity to tuffites described by Głazek et al. (1998) from the Sucha Woda valley. From the regional point of view, the described series with tuffites may correspond to the tuffitic level of the so-called biotite sandstone known from the Little Hungarian Plain.