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Distribution and characterization of organic matter within the sea surface microlayer in the Gulf of Gdańsk

Penezić Abra, Drozdowska Violetta, Novak Tihana, Gašparović Blaženka

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

631--650

EN

We present the characterisation and distribution of organic matter (OM) within the sea surface microlayer (SML) and underlying water (ULW) collected in October 2015 at nine stations in the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Gdańsk, encompassing the Vistula River plume. The salinity of >7 throughout the transect indicated Vistula plume was possibly displaced westward by the preceding northerly and easterly winds between 5.7 and 10.7 ms–1 during the sampling campaign. Spectral analysis pointed to the highest contribution of aromatic and high molecular weight molecules (lowest spectral slope (SR) ratios and highest absorption coefficient at 254 nm (aCDOM(254)) at the first two stations near the river mouth, demonstrating a very limited influence of the river plume. Concentrations of surface-active organic substances (SAS) ranged from 0.28 to 0.60 mg L−1 in eq. Triton-X-100 in SML, and from 0.22 to 0.47 mg L−1 in eq. Triton-X-100 in the ULW, while POC concentrations ranged from 0.27 to 0.84 mg L−1 in SML and from 0.20 to 0.37 mg L−1 in ULW. Enrichment of SAS and POC detected at the highest wind speeds indicates rapid SML recovery by OM transported from the ULW. Low lipids to POC contribution, on average 5% and 7% in SML and ULW respectively, points to eutrophic conditions. Statistically significant negative correlation between SR and the Lipid:PIG ratio in SML and ULW suggests the production of lower molecular weight OM by phytoplankton living under favourable environmental conditions. Accumulation of lipid reserves triacylglycerols (TG) in the SML indicates more stressful plankton growth conditions compared to ULW.

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Materia organiczna w wodach naturalnych - formy występowania i metody oznaczania

Pietrzyk A., Papciak D.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2016

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z. 63, nr 2/I

241--252

PL

Ilość materii organicznej jest ważnym parametrem decydującym o stopniu zanieczyszczenia wód naturalnych. Jedynym dobrze zdefiniowanym wskaźnikiem określającym sumę wszystkich organicznych zanieczyszczeń jest ogólny węgiel organiczny (OWO). W artykule omówione zostały metody wykorzystywane do pomiaru OWO oraz formy występowania materii organicznej w różnych typach wód. Zawartość ogólnego węgla organicznego w wodach naturalnych jest zróżnicowana i zależy od następujących czynników: typu i wielkości badanego zbiornika wodnego, położenia geograficznego, temperatury, zasolenia, wartości pH, aktywności mikrobiologicznej oraz charakteru zlewni. Wzrost zawartości ogólnego węgla organicznego w wodach, które ujmowane są w celu zaopatrywania ludności w wodę przeznaczoną do picia wpływa na znaczne zwiększenie kosztów jej uzdatniania. Obecność substancji organicznych, a przede wszystkim substancji humusowych przyczynia się do pogorszenia właściwości organoleptycznych wody m.in. są one odpowiedzialne za występowanie specyficznego smaku i zapachu, a także za ponadnormatywną barwę.

EN

Concentration of organic matter is an important parameter for determining the degree of pollution of natural water. The only well-defined indicator that represents the sum of all organic contaminants is the total organic carbon (TOC). The article shows the methods used to measure TOC and the form of organic matter presence in different types of waters. The content of total organic carbon in natural waters is varied and depends on the following factors: the type and size of the test water tank, geographic location, temperature, salinity, pH, microbiological activity and land cover. The increase of total organic carbon in drinking water considerably increases the cost of its treatment. The presence of organic matter in particular humic substances contributes to the deterioration of the organoleptic properties of water, among others, they are responsible for the occurrence of a specific taste and aroma and for the enhanced color.

3

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of organic matter in the water of a small reservoir

Parszuto K., Tandyrak R, Galik J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2009

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Vol. 35, no. 3

59-71

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of organic matter in water of a small reservoir Modrzewiowy Pond using a SUVA indicator, paniculate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and DOC were determined using a Shimadzu TOC-5000 analyzer. The POC value was obtained from the difference of TOC and DOC. High average TOC concentration (32.20 mg Cdm^-3), resulting mainly from high POC (21.03 mg Cdm^-3) in TOC, maximum SUVA parameter (30.87 dm^3cm^-1(g C)^-1) and chlorophyll concentrations (75.60 mgm^-3) and pheophytin (94.39 mg-m^-3), was observed in the over sediments waters of the pond. The high value of the SUVA indicator in the water of Modrzewiowy Pond, prove high-molecular organic compounds resistant to biodegrada-tion in the DOC pool. The examinations showed a significant influence of the primary and secondary production on the quality and the amount of organic matter in the examined reservoir.

PL

Celem badań była jakościowa i ilościowa charakterystyka materii organicznej w wodzie małego zbiornika, Modrzewiowego Stawu, za pomocą wskaźnika SUVA oraz form cząsteczkowego (POC) i rozpuszczonego węgla organicznego (DOC). Stężenie całkowitego węgla organicznego (TOC) i DOC ustalono za pomocą analizatora Shimadzu TOC-5000. Frakcję POC otrzymano z różnicy między TOC i DOC. W wodzie naddennej zbiornika zaobserwowano wysoką średnią koncentrację TOC (32,20 mg C-dm^-3), wynikającą głównie z dużego udziału POC (21,03 mg C-dm^-3) w TOC, wysokie wartości parametru SUVA (30,87 dm^3cm^-1(g C)^-1) oraz stężenia chlorofilu a (75,60 mg-m^-3) i feofityny a (94,39 mgm^-3). Wysokie wartości wskaźnika SUVA świadczyły o dużym udziale trudno rozkładalnych związków w puli DOC. Wykazano istotny wpływ produkcji pierwotnej oraz wtórnej na jakość i ilość materii organicznej w badanym zbiorniku.

4

Stratification of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the Gdańsk Deep (southern Baltic Sea)

Burska D., Pryputniewicz D., Falkowska L.

Oceanologia

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2005

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No. 47 (2)

201-217

EN

Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations and fluxes were measured during an experiment in the Gdańsk Deep in late spring (30.05.-06.06.2001). The vertical POC and PON concentration profiles were characterised by the highest values in the euphotic layer, a gradual decrease with depth, and an increase below the halocline. The hydrophysical conditions had a decisive impact on POC and PON fluxes in the water column. Preferential removal of nitrogen from suspended mater was observed in the entire water column (maximum - in the vicinity of thermocline). There were also differences in the diurnal effectiveness of nitrogen removal as compared to carbon removal. The removal rate was highest at night.

5

Sea surface microlayer: a field evaluation of teflon plate, glass plate and screen sampling techniques. Part 2. Dissolved and suspended matter

Falkowska L.

Oceanologia

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1999

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No. 41 (2)

223-240

EN

The similarities and differences in chemical composition of particular sub-layers of the sea microlayer are discussed on the basis of data obtained from the open sea region of the Gdansk Basin. Three methods of microlayer sampling were tested simultaneously, resulting in sub-samples of different mean thickness (10, 90, 250 žm). Samples were analysed to determine dissolved NO3-, NH4+, PO43-, Ptot and DOC, as well as suspended components (chl a, phae a, ATP, POC, particle size distribution and algae). It was found that the stratified microlayer forms a medium extremely diversified chemically and biologically. Variable ranges of concentration as well as varying frequencies of the depletion or enrichment coefficient in each measurement period indicate disparate conditions in the microlayers, which are related to the intensity of primary production and the destruction of organic matter. Comparative studies provided no evidence for the preferential application of any of the sampling techniques to obtain the most accurate picture of dissolved organic and inorganic substances in the sea surface microlayer. In the case of particulate organic matter, satisfactory results were obtained with the classic screen technique. The article highlights the merit of simultaneous studies by various sampling techniques in answering questions related to the sea surface microstructure and the momentum of photochemical and biological processes at its different levels