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1
Content available remote Dissimilar weldments of ferritic/martensitic grade P92 steel and Inconel 617 alloy: Role of groove geometry on mechanical properties and residual stresses
Kumar Amit, Pandey Shailesh M., Pandey Chandan
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 23, no. 1
art. no. e54, 2023
EN
A dissimilar joint of martensitic grade P92 and Ni-based Inconel 617 (IN617) alloy are employed commonly in advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC) units to fabricate thick section components such as steam pipes and turbine rotors. This study investigated the weldability of the IN617 alloy and P92 steel dissimilar welds. Ni-based superalloy ERNiCrMo-3 filler was used to attempt the dissimilar joining for conventional V groove and narrow groove design by employing the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The weld metal for the capping pass, backing pass, and near the interface showed the columnar and cellular grains while equiaxed grains are observed corresponding to root and filling passes. The energy dispersive spectroscopy and Electron probe micro-analyzer (EMPA) study confirmed the segregation of the Nb and Mo particles in inter-dendritic spaces and resulted in the formation of the Nb-rich NbC and laves phases and Mo-rich phases. The EDS line map and EPMA study of the P92 interface showed a sharp increase in Cr, Mo, and Ni concentration and a steep decrease in Fe concentration as moving from P92 base metal to weld metal. A negligible diffusion from filler weld to IN617 or vice versa across the IN617 interface was detected. The microhardness gradient along the weldments indicated a sharp rise in hardness value near the P92 fusion boundary due to the formation of the unmixed zone of lower hardness and the P92 coarse-grained heat-affected zone of higher hardness. The weld metal hardness results showed a great variation with an average hardness value for V groove and narrow groove welds of 227 and 262 HV, respectively. The mechanical tests were conducted at the ambient temperatures and data obtained for the weldments were compared with the base metals. The room temperature tensile tests showed the failure from the region of the P92 BM or the interface of P92 BM/weld metal, with joint strength of 646 ± 6 MPa and 747 ± 4 MPa in AW conditions for V groove and narrow groove, respectively. The Charpy impact test (CIT) also showed the variation in impact toughness along the weldments, and the ERNiCrMo-3 filler weld was identified as the weakest region of the welded joint in terms of impact toughness for both the groove designs. The residual stress variation along the thickness of the weld plate was measured using the deep hole drilling (DHT) methods, and the results indicated the peak magnitude of the residual stress for the V groove welded joint. The test results indicated that welded joint produced using ERNiCrMo-3 filler was safe for AUSC power plants' boiler applications for both the groove weld while optimum mechanical properties were measured for narrow groove weld.
2
Content available remote Autogenous laser-welded dissimilar joint of ferritic/martensitic P92 steel and Inconel 617 alloy: mechanism, microstructure, and mechanical properties
Kumar Amit, Pandey Chandan
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
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Vol. 22, no. 1
art. no. e39, 2022
EN
Dissimilar autogenous welding of ferritic/martensitic P92 steel and Inconel 617 alloy was conducted using the laser beam-welding process. The microstructure evolution such as element segregation, grain size, and precipitate morphology was investigated in different areas of the welded joint for as-welded (AW) and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) condition by using optical microscopy (OM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The tensile strength at room temperature, microhardness variation, and Charpy V impact toughness was evaluated for the welded joint to study the effect of laser beam welding on mechanical properties. Finally, the fractured impact-tested specimen was characterized by FE-SEM. Microstructure observation showed the microstructure heterogeneity across the welded joint. A typical martensitic lath structure devoid of carbide precipitates was observed in P92 HAZ, while Inconel 617 HAZ exhibited the fine-equiaxed austenite grains of average size 24 ± 7 µm with Ti-enriched Ti(C, N) and Mo-enriched carbide precipitates. A columnar and cellular structure consisting of the alloying element segregation in the inter-dendritic areas was observed for the weld metal (WM) near the interface, while the interior WM showed the cellular and equiaxed dendrites along with particles of type NBC, TiC, and M23C6. Fairly good strength and ductility were obtained for the welded joint, and it qualified the ultra-supercritical (USC) boiler requirement. The WM was witnessed as the weakest part of the welded joint for impact strength. However, the impact strength of the WM (61 ± 2 J) was measured higher than the ASME standard value (> 41 J) and EN ISO 3580:2017 standard value (> 47 J) in the AW joint. After the PWHT, a drastic reduction in impact strength of WM (48 ± 3 J) was measured, and it was very close to EN ISO 3580:2017 recommended value of 47 J. The HAZ of P92 and Inconel 617 showed good impact strength for both AW and PWHT joints. The austenitic microstructure in WM exhibited the hardness of 150 ± 8 HV0.5, which was lower than the hardness of P92 and Inconel 617 base metal. The hardness in P92 HAZ was estimated higher than other regions of the weldments (WM and Inconel 617 HAZ). PWHT resulted in a drastic reduction in hardness of P92 HAZ, while WM (154 ± 7 HV0.5) and Inconel 617 HAZ showed a minute change in hardness value. The tensile strength of welded joints for the transverse tensile-tested specimen was also measured higher than the base metal, and fracture was observed in weaker parent metal, i.e., P92 steel for both AW and PWHT joint.
3
Content available A comparative study of two nuclear steel grades welded joints
Sirohi Sachin, Pandey Chandan, Goyal Amit
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2020
|
Vol. 65, iss. 2
583--593
EN
In present work, two nuclear grade steel (P91, P92) are joined using the arc welding process. The welded joints were subjected to the heat treatment in order to restore the mechanical properties and overcome the heterogeneity across the joints. The weldments were studied for microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior under different condition of heat treatment. The variation in mechanical behavior obtained for the welded joints were tried to relate the microstructural evolution. After the normalizing based heat treatment, homogeneity with negligible δ ferrite across the welded joints was observed.
4
Content available Forecasting the Particle Diameter Size Distribution in P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) Steel After Long-Term Ageing at 600 and 650°C
Zieliński A., Sroka M., Miczka M., Śliwa A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2016
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Vol. 61, iss. 2A
753--760
EN
The investigations on microstructure of P92 steel in the as-received condition and after 105h ageing at 600 and 650°C were carried out. For the recorded images of microstructure, the quantitative analysis of precipitates was performed. On that basis, a statistical analysis of collected data was made with the aim of estimating parameters of selected theoretical statistical distribution. Then, the forecast for average precipitate diameter and standard deviation of such a distribution for the time of 1,5*105h at 600 and 650°C was calculated. The obtained results of investigations confirm the possibility of using, in evaluation of degradation degree for materials in use, the forecasting methods derived from mathematical statistics, in particular the theory of stochastic processes and methods of forecasting by analogy.
5
Content available The Influence of Load History on Durability of P92 Steel Used for the Construction of Energy Pipelines
Cieśla M., Junak G.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2015
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Vol. 60, iss. 3A
1853--1857
EN
The research material used in the study was the martensitic creep-resistant steel P92 used for the manufacture of pipes being part of power generation units subject to heavy load. The research problem focused on two issues. The first one was to analyze how the plastic deformation cumulated in the material in low-cycle fatigue conditions affects the characteristics of the material in creep conditions in a temperature of 600ºC. The other one was concerned with analysis of a reverse situation, i.e. how the initial plastic deformation of the material in creep conditions changes the mechanical characteristics of the steel under low-cycle fatigue conditions in a temperature of 600ºC.
PL
W pracy materiałem badawczym była żarowytrzymała stal martenzytyczna P92 wykorzystywana do wytwarzania rur wchodzących w skład wysokoobciążonych bloków energetycznych. Problem badawczy koncentrował się na dwóch zagadnieniach. W pierwszym analizowano jak odkształcenie plastyczne kumulowane w materiale w warunkach procesu zmęczenia niskocyklowego wpływa na charakterystyki materiału w warunkach pełzania w temperaturze 600ºC. W drugim analizowano sytuację odwrotną, tzn. jak wstępna deformacja plastyczna materiału w warunkach pełzania zmienia charakterystyki mechaniczne stali w warunkach zmęczenia niskocyklowego w temperaturze 600ºC.
6
Content available remote Microstructure and Properties of Dissimilar Welded Joints Made of Steels used in the Power Industry
Pańcikiewicz K., Ziewiec A., Kajda P., Tasak E., Zbroja P.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
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2014
|
Vol. 58, No. 5
145--150
EN
The article presents the microstructure and properties of dissimilar welded joints of pipes made of the 304HCu (X10CrNiCuNb18-9-3) and P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) steels in the as welded state and after PWHT. The test-related TIG welding was carried out using two filler metals in the form of the Thermanit 304HCu and the EPRI P87 filler metal wires. The tests revealed the significant influence of heat treatment time extension on the decrease in the hardness of the martensitic steel and its HAZ as well as an on the increase in the hardness of the austenitic steel, its HAZ and of the weld made using the Thermanit 304HCu filler metal. The microscopic observations revealed the presence of a carburised zone on the fusion line between the P92 steel and the weld made using the Thermanit 304HCu filler metal wire.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono mikrostrukturę oraz własności połączeń różnoimiennych rur ze stali 304HCu (X10CrNiCuNb18-9-3) i P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) w stanie surowym po spawaniu oraz po obróbce cieplnej. Do spawania metodą TIG wykorzystano dwa materiały dodatkowe – drut Thermanit 304HCu oraz drut EPRI P87. Badania wykazały istotny wpływ wydłużenia czasu obróbki cieplnej na obniżenie twardości stali martenzytycznej i jej SWC oraz wzrost twardości stali austenitycznej, jej SWC i spoiny wykonanej spoiwem Thermanit 304HCu. Obserwacje mikroskopowe ujawniły występowanie strefy nawęglonej na linii wtopienia pomiędzy stalą P92 a spoiną utworzoną przy użyciu drutu Thermanit 304HCu.
7
Content available remote Doświadczenia przy wykonywaniu doczołowych połączeń spawanych rur ze stali P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) przy użyciu metody MAG (135)
Urzynicok M., Kwieciński K., Jachym R.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2011
|
R. 55, nr 2
31-34
PL
Do najczęściej stosowanych metod wykonywania połączeń doczołowych rur w przemyśle energetycznym należą metody TIG i MMA. Postęp w dziedzinie technologii spawania metodą MAG oraz dostępność wysokiej jakości materiałów dodatkowych (drutów litych) umożliwia obecnie wykonywanie wyżej wymienionych połączeń również jedną z odmian tej metody. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań stosowanych podczas kwalifikowania technologii spawania uzupełnionych o badania mikroskopowe. Przedstawione wyniki, dowodzą że złącza wykonane metodą MAG są porównywalne do złączy wykonanych tradycyjną technologią spawania - TIG lub MMA.
EN
The methods of butt welding of pipes most often used in power industry are TIG welding and MMA welding. The progress in the field of MAG welding technology and the availability of high quality consumables (solid wires) enable to make at present the above mentioned joints also by application of one of variants of this method. In the paper, it has been presented the results of tests applied during qualification of welding technology, supplemented with microscopic examination. The results show that MAG welded joints are comparable to those made by conventional welding methods - TIG and MMA.
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