Analysis of rainfall data from the island of Crete, Greece was performed to identify key hydrological years and return periods as well as to analyze the inter-annual behavior of the rainfall variability during the period 1981–2014. The rainfall spatial distribution was also examined in detail to identify vulnerable areas of the island. Data analysis using statistical tools and spectral analysis were applied to investigate and interpret the temporal course of the available rainfall data set. In addition, spatial analysis techniques were applied and compared to determine the rainfall spatial distribution on the island of Crete. The analysis presented that in contrast to Regional Climate Model estimations, rainfall rates have not decreased, while return periods vary depending on seasonality and geographic location. A small but statistical significant increasing trend was detected in the inter-annual rainfall variations as well as a significant rainfall cycle almost every 8 years. In addition, statistically significant correlation of the island’s rainfall variability with the North Atlantic Oscillation is identified for the examined period. On the other hand, regression kriging method combining surface elevation as secondary information improved the estimation of the annual rainfall spatial variability on the island of Crete by 70% compared to ordinary kriging. The rainfall spatial and temporal trends on the island of Crete have variable characteristics that depend on the geographical area and on the hydrological period.
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Praca przybliża problematykę funkcjonowania fenomenu klimatycznego Oscylacji Północnego Atlantyku (Norh Atlantic Oscillation–NAO) oraz omawia jej wpływ na kształtowanie charakteru termicznego zim (grudzień–marzec) na obszarze Polski. Zmiana faz NAO z w przewadze ujemnych na w przewadze dodatnie, jaka nastąpiła w latach 1987-1989 spowodowała, że po roku 1989 obserwuje się w Polsce znaczne złagodzenie stopnia ostrości zim.
EN
The article raises the issue of the climate phenomenon of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and describes its influence on shaping the thermal character of winters (December-March) in Poland. The change of NAO phases from those predominantly negative into the predominantly positive, which took place within the years 1987-1989, caused the reduction in severity of winters after 1989 in Poland.
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