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Zielniki i albumy florystyczne Elizy Orzeszkowej

Kuźnicka B.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2006

R. 51, nr 2

69-78

In many of her literary works, the writer and columnist Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841-1910), who was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature (1905, 1909), depicted the life of the Polish society in the eastern lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the second half of the 19th century. A great lover of nature, Orzeszkowa appreciated the botanical knowledge of the local rural population in the vicinities of Grodno. She combined attempts to master that knowledge with her other great passion, that of investigating folk culture, and was always ready to listen to what women who were village herbalists had to tell her about medicinal plants, and about the customs and legends connected with the medical practices based on herbal remedies, She then passed on the information to botanists for scientific verification. Orzeszkowa's naturalist and ethnographic fascinations led her to write a cycle of articles on " The people and tlowers on the Niemen river", published in 1888-1891 in the ethnographic-tourist magazine " Wisła". This collection of articles has been analysed not only by historians of literature, but also, since 1985, by historians of science. The first analysis was conducted at the Section for the History of Pharmacy of the lnstitute of the History of Science ofthe Polish Academy of Sciences. This yielded Ewa Kamińska's study: Ziołoznawstwo i zioło/ecznictwo w pub/ikacjach etnograficznych Elizy Orzeszkowej (The knowledge of herbs and medicine based on herbal remedies in the ethnographic publications of Eliza Orzeszkowa] published as part of the Institute's Historia leków naturalnych (History of natural medicines], ed. Barbara Kuźnicka, vol.l: Źródła do dziejów etnofarmacji polskiej (Sources for the history of Polish ethnopharmacy], Warszawa 1996, pp.25-88. The subject-matter of the publication aroused much interest among historians of pharmacy from Poznań. The first sign of that interest could be seen in the article by Jan Majewski and Sławoj Kucharski entitled Pasje pisarki (The writer's passions], pub- lished in 1998 in "Gazeta Farmaceutyczna" (Pharmaceutical Joumal] and illustrated with pages from the herbal created by Orzeszkowa. One of the authors, Jan Majewski, has found also other herbal-albums, kept, among other places, at the Museum of the Marist Fathers near London, and in the archival collections of the Ossolineum publishing house. A major surprise was connected with the discovery of a berbal that had the features of genuine botanical documentation. The title page of the berbal, wbich was discovered (by Jan Majewski and Sławoj Kucharski) at Poznań, in tbe collections of the Poznań Society of the Friends of Science, carries tbe inscription: Zielnik Elizy Orzeszkowej Z pól, łąk i lasów, nadniemeńskich miejscowości, Miniewicze, Poniżany, Hledowicze, Kowszów, Poniemuń, Horny, Kołpaki (Tbe Herbal of Eliza Orzeszkowa. From the fields, meadows and woods of localities on the Niemen river, Miniewicze, Poniżany, Hledowicze, Kowszów, Poniemuń, Homy, Kołpaki]. The value of the herbal for the history of botany has been appreciated by Anna Maria Kielak, the author of a beautiful bibliophile publication entitled Zielnik Elizy Orzeszkowej nieznany zabytek botaniczny przechowywany w zbiorach Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk. (The herbat of Eliza Orzeszkowa. An unknown botanica) aabytek kept in the collections of the Poznań Society of the Friends of Science], Poznań 2004, pp. 151. The author has presented Eliza Orzeszkowa 's biograpby, as well as her botanical and ethnographic passions. She bas also made a list of the plants mentioned in the herbal, as well as appendices containing Orzeszkowa's correspondence with botanists. The author also describes the artistic album s composed by Orzeszkowa from dried herbs.