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3 Studia Quaternaria

3 2013

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Preliminary remarks on enigmatic "white casing limestone" from Saqqara archaeological site in Egypt

Welc F, Malata E., Marks L., Studencka B., Olszewska B.

Studia Quaternaria

2013

Vol. 30, Nr 2

115--123

Saqqara is one of the famous archaeological sites in the world. There is the oldest stone pyramid built by pharaoh Djoser from the Third Dynasty (around 4600 yrs BP). The components of his funerary complex were constructed of a characteristic creamish-white limestone of relatively great solidity, connected in archaeological literature with the white casing limestone from Saqqara. A source of this stone has remained so far a mystery. An extensive geological survey and other research has failed to identify any outcrops of such limestone in the vicinity of Saqqara. Preliminary results of examination of fossils from relevant rock samples of the white Saqqara limestone are presented, supplemented with discussion of current opinions concerning its origin and probable stratigraphic setting.

In mud forgotten: Old Kingdom palaeoecological evidence from Abusir

Bárta M.

Studia Quaternaria

2013

Vol. 30, Nr 2

75--82

The present study aims to summarise the major evidence on the climate development in the pyramid fields based on the Abusir data and dating to the Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BCE). The interpretation of the latest evidence presented in the article is based on the identification and evaluation of molluscs, beetles, Lake of Abusir sediments, small vertebrae and archaeological evidence documented during the research of several Old Kingdom tomb complexes and the seasonal Lake of Abusir. The study shows that this climate change was of a long-term nature and its origins may be dated to at least the latter half of the Fifth Dynasty.

Archaeology meeting geophysics on Polish excavations in Egypt

Myśliwiec K

Studia Quaternaria

2013

Vol. 30, Nr 2

45--59

The article presents the results of archaeological excavations in two locations where geophysical surveys were carried out for the first time on Polish excavations in Egypt: Tell Atrib (ancient Athribis in Lower Egypt) and Saqqara (west of the pyramid of Djoser). It emphasizes the interdependence of archaeological and geophysical research. Particularly interesting were the results of three geophysical surveys made in Saqqara in 1987, 1997 and 2012 by three different teams using different methods. All of them helped identifying archaeological structures in two subsequent layers corresponding to two periods: a) Old Kingdom (lower stratum) with rock-hewn tombs of high officials; b) Ptolemaic Period with hundreds of burials found in a layer of sand (upper stratum).