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Nauka o elektryczności w Polsce w XIX wieku i w początkach XX wieku w dwusetną rocznicę zbudowania baterii elektrycznej przez Alessandro Voltę

Średniawa B.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2001

R. 46, nr 1

41--56

The year 1999 saw the bicentenary anniversary of the construction of the electrical battery by Alessandro Volta. This invention led to the development if the science of electricity. We shall present the influence of the early discoveries in the domain of electricity on teaching and research in this domain in Poland in the 19th century and in the first years of 20th century. In the 19th century four Polish universities were active. These were the universities in Cracow and Lwów, in the Austrian held part of Poland, and the Vilna University, in the part occupied by Russia. In Warsaw, which was under Russian occupation, a Polish university was established in 1816. It was active until 1831, when it was closed; it was then reactivated in 1862 and closed once again in 1869. All these universities had collections of physical instruments from the early years of the 19th century, among them also electrical instruments. In the 1830s, the professors of Cracow and Warsaw universities began to do research in electricity, and several papers on electricity and physical chemistry were published. The first Polish university handbooks on electricity appeared in 1786 and in 1827. At the end of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century, also handbooks and monographs on the theory of electricity and electrotechnics were published.