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Study of the Phytotoxicity of Olive Mill Wastewater on Germination and Vegetative Growth – Case of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

El Kafz Ghizlane, Cherkaoui Essediya, Benradi Fatima, Khamar Mohamed, Nounah Abderrahman, Soukayna Azzouzi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 5

265--274

Olive mill wastewater (effluents from olive oil extraction during harvest) is a source of environmental pollution due to its high acidity and heavy loads of polyphenols and organics. Our aim is to study the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewater (OMW) at different concentrations on the germination and growth of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To assess this, we measured the percentage of germination (GP), the germination inhibition rate (GIR), the length of the main stem, the number of leaves, and the biomass of the stem, leaves, and roots. The germination test was carried out by placing 25 tomato seeds on filter paper in Petri dishes and then irrigating with different concentrations of OMW (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%). The boxes were placed in an incubator at a temperature of 25 °C for 10 days. The results obtained show that, after 10 days of germination, the GP is maximal (more than 98%) at concentrations of less than 7% (r = -0.98; p<0.000) and with an “inhibitory” effect at more than 7% (r = +0.98; p<0.000). However, the growth in length (8.514±2.612 cm) and the number of leaves (4.667±0.866 leaves) were maximum, respectively, at 2% and 1%, after a period of 30 days. However, the dry weight is maximum (0.235±0.049 g) at 5% OMW, however, there is no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of the stems and leaves for different concentrations. In light of these results, the OMW of crushing units using the continuous three-phase process could be used as an irrigation source at concentrations below 7%, for better tomato yield.

Investigation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of the Wastewater in Fez City (Morocco) Using a Multivariate Statistical Method

El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Elyemni Majda, Adachi Abderrazzak, Hmamou Anouar, Bendaoud Ahmed, Chaouch Mehdi, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 6

15--25

Similar to countries with arid and semi-arid climates, Morocco faces problems of degradation of the quality of its environment and more specifically the quality of groundwater. In this work, we approached the physico-chemical characterization of the raw effluents of three industrial units in Fez city, namely the textile industry (U1), the copperware industry (U2), olive oil industry (U3) chosen for their degree of pollution and their environmental impact,the aim of which is to highlight the degree and nature of the pollution generated by these effluents, and their biodegradability during the winter period January to February of 2018, when the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is malfunctioning. A set of samplings and measurements of different physico-chemical pollution parameters were carried out such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, chlorides, BOD5, COD, suspended solids (SS), Ca2+, K+, as well as heavy metals. The results show that the U3 effluent is highly loaded in organic matter with high COD (37600 mg O2/L) and BOD5 (13000 mg O2/L), while the U2 effluent contains very high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd) 91,8, 71, 55,4, 53, 28 mg/L, respectively. on the other hand, the U1 effluent is characterized by high SS contents, and concentrations of Ca2+, K+ exceed Moroccan standards. The COD/BOD5 ratio shows that U1and U2 effluents are difficult to biodegrade even if their organic loads are low. In the light of these results, it is recommended that these discharges be pre-treated before they are discharged into the liquid sewer system.