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Epipelic Diatoms to Determine Ecological Status Based on Diatom Index in Mangrove Ecosystem of Morosari Village, Indonesia

Hasrini Dian Aghnaita, Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih, Jumari Jumari

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 11

30--43

The mangrove ecosystem of Morosari Village, located in Sayung District, Demak Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, frequent experienced water pollution problems such as tidal flooding, abrasion and pollution due to anthropogenic activities. These problems can lead to further deterioration of water quality. This study aims to use epipelic diatoms to determine the ecological status of waters based on the diatom index in the coastal waters of Morosari Village, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted at 3 sampling locations in July-December 2022. Samples from three stations were analyzed based on the diatom index using OMNIDIA software version 6.1.5 and RStudio Software for water quality. Four diatom water quality indices (IBD, IPS, IDG, and TDI index) were obtained percentage value of more than 70% of diatom species. The results of the analysis showed varied ecological status and water quality. Station 1 ranges from 10.9 to 5.2 which is categorized meso-eutrophic to eutrophic in terms of diatom species that dominate Fallacia pygmaea and Nitzschia clausii, Station 2 ranges from 14.3 to 6.9 which is categorized mesotrophic to eutrophic in terms of species Diatoma vulgaris and Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Station 3 ranges from 13.9 to 3.5 with diatom species dominating Cocconeis placentula and Nitzschia palea.

The use of benthic diatoms in estimating water quality of variously polluted rivers

Szczepocka E., Szulc B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2009

Vol. 38, No.1

17-26

Two rivers situated in Central Poland, the Bzura and the Pilica, were selected for analysis of their water quality using benthic diatom species as indicators. The Bzura River has previously been strongly contaminated with organic pollutants, while the Pilica River has been classified as having good water quality. Samples were collected from nine sites along the Bzura in April 2003 and seven sites along the Pilica in April 2006. The main aims of the study were to determine the dominant diatom species present in the rivers and to assess their usefulness as biological indicators. Water quality of the rivers was estimated on the basis of the SPI - Specific Pollution sensitivity Index (CEMAGREF 1982) and the GDI - Generic Diatom Index (Coste, Ayphassorho 1991) while trophic status was estimated using TDI - Trophic Diatom Index (Kelly, Whitton 1995). Indices determining saprobic water pollution (SPI, GDI) indicated water quality of class III and IV for the Bzura River and class II and III for the Pilica River. The trophic status determined on the basis of the TDI index revealed the Bzura water to be classified in the eutrophic-tohypertrophic zone and that of the Pilica River to the oligo-mesotrophic-to-eutrophic zone. The diatom taxa that dominated in the Bzura River were species that are generally considered to be tolerant and resistant with respect to organic water pollution, including: Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing, Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Kützing, Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith, Nitzschia paleacea Grunow, Sellaphora pupula (Kützing) Mereschkovsky, Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow, Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compere. In the Pilica River diatoms from groups that are sensitive and tolerant to organic pollution were seen to dominate, such as: Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer, Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Cocconeis placuntula var. lineata (Ehrenberg) Grunow, Cyclotella radiosa (Grunow) Lemmermann, Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton, Geissleria decussis (Řestrup) Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin, Melosira varians Agardh, Navicula reichardtiana Lange-Bertalot, Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) Williams & Round, Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot and Staurosira pinnata Ehrenberg.