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A Scalable Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Qabajeh Liana Khamis

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

2022

nr 2

58--74

The multicasting technique supports a variety of applications that require data to be instantaneously transmitted to a set of destination nodes. In environments with continuously moving nodes, such as mobile ad-hoc networks, the search for efficient routes from sources to the projected destinations is a common issue. Proposed Windmill protocol provides a scalable multicast solution for mobile ad-hoc networks. Windmill aims to improve routing protocol’s performance by introducing a hierarchal distributed routing algorithm and dividing the area into zones. Additionally, it attempts to demonstrate better scalability, performance and robustness when faced with frequent topology changes, by utilizing restricted directional flooding. A detailed and extensive simulated performance evaluation has been conducted to assess Windmill and compare it with multicast ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (MAODV) and on-demand multicast routing protocols (ODMRP). Simulation results show that the three protocols achieved high packet delivery rates in most scenarios. Results also show that Windmill is capable of achieving scalability by maintaining the minimum packet routing load, even upon increasing the nodes’ speed, the number of sources, the number of group members and the size of the simulated network. The results also indicate that it offers superior performance and is well suited for ad-hoc wireless networks with mobile hosts. The trade-off of using Windmill consists in slightly longer paths – a characteristic that makes it a good choice for applications that require simultaneous data transmission to a large set of nodes.

SODMRP: Stable On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol

Jamali S., Mohammadzadeh H.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2012

R. 88, nr 3b

219-222

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network that does not have a fixed infrastructure.The grouporiented services are one of the important application classes that are adopted by mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). To support such services, multicast routing is used. But, stable multicast routing is difficult in MANETs due to limited resources and mobility of nodes. This paper proposes an energy-aware approach to develop a stable multicast routing protocol. By offering some modifications over ODMRP protocol, we involve nodes’ energy information in the proposed protocol, to increase routes stability. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves route stability and hence leads to more packet delivery rate (PDR), more throughput and longer route life time, in compare with ODMRP.

Mobilne bezprzewodowe sieci ad-hoc MANET nie mają stałej infrastruktury. W artykule zaproponowano stabilny protokół przesyłania grupowego informacji umożliwiający zwiększenie szybkości komunikacji pakietowej.