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Donory tlenku azotu. Cz. I

Korzycka L.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2003

[Z] 57, 11-12

1039--1060

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas substance which plays the role of a carrier of signals in human organism. Molecules of the gas are produced by a single cell and transmitted via cellular membranes into another cell where they regulate its function. This is an entirely new mechanism of signal transmission in biological systems. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine is a common biochemical pathway controlling the activity of guanyl cyclase. Isomorphic forms of nitric oxide synthase play a role in the regulation of blood vessels tone, blood flow, activity of platelets, gastrointestinal tract motor activity and reactivity of the respiratory tract. Nitric oxide produced by inducible form of synthase plays a significant role in immunological response and pathophysiological changes present in inflammatory reactions and shock. Nitric oxide is also produced in neurones of the central and peripheral nervous system. Currently drugs which could activate of inhibit biochemical reactions concerning the release of nitric oxide are being investigated. With these drugs, the role of the system arginine?nitric oxide in physiological and pathological conditions could be explained. We are looking for donors of nitric oxide in various classes of chemical compounds. The research concentrates mainly on the following: O-nitro- and O-nitroso- compounds, S-nitro- and S-nitrosocompounds and N-nitro- and N-nitrosocompounds, C-nitro- and C-nitrosocompounds, oximes, heterocyclic NO donor compounds, nitroxyl (HNO/NO-) generating compounds, hydroxylamine, N-hydroxyguanidines, inorganic NO donors and transition metal nitrosyls. The tested groups of compounds affect the production of exogenous nitrous oxide or stimulate its endogenous production to various degrees. In the course of conducted studies new applications for well-known drugs appear, and numerous new compounds await registration. One may expect many novel therapeutic options based on nitric oxide. This study has been based on Methods in nitric oxide research [1] and current bibliography. In this part of study we present NO donors form the groups: O-nitro- and O-nitrosocompounds, S-nitro- and S-nitrosocompounds and N-nitro- and N-nitrosocompounds.