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Origin of marls from the Polish Outer Carpathians: lithological and sedimentological aspects

Górniak K.

Mineralogia

2011

Vol. 42, iss. 4

165--297

Outcrops of marls, occurring within the sandstone-shaly flysch deposits of the Polish part of Outer Carpathians, considered to be locus typicus of these rocks, were described, measured and sampled. Lithologic features of marls, representing 15 complexes of different age and occurring in 15 complexes of various tectonic units, are presented (Fig. 1, 2). The present studies were concerning Jurassic marls from the Silesian Unit (Goleszów Marls), Upper Cretaceous marls from the Skole and Sub-Silesian Units (Siliceous-Fucoid and Węgierka Marls and Węglowka, Frydek, Jasienica and Zegocina Marls respectively), and Eocene-Oligocene marls from the Magura, Fore-Magura and Skole Units (Łącko, Zembrzyce, Budzów, Leluchów and Niwa, as well as Grybów and Sub-Cergowa and Dynów Marls respectively). The former opinions on lithology, age, formal subdivision, sedimentation conditions and genesis of these rocks are discussed (Table 1, 2; Fig. 1). Detailed description of the above mentioned marl-bearing complexes are presented and for each of them the typical lithological features are determined (Tables 3 - 20). The results of profiling are presented against the background of geological studies of the Carpathian marls. The results of lithologic studies are compared to form a classification scheme and are used as the basis of distinguishing genetic types of marls. Moreover, the interpretation of the conditions of sedimentation of these rocks is presented.

Geotectonic evolution of the northern Tethyan margins in the Tithonian - sedimentological and biostratigraphical implications (Silesian Basin, Western Outer Carpathians)

Neścieruk P., Szydło A.

Volumina Jurassica

2006

Vol. 4, no. 1

62-62

During the Late Jurassic the geotectonic reorganization of the extensive shelves on the southern margins of the Eastern European Platform was influenced by rifting in the Carpathian Basin which resulted in formation of the marginal Tethyan seas. The origin of the Silesian Basin was correlated with the first stage of the rifting (Golonka et al. 2000). The process of opening and deepening of the basin was completed at the end of the Jurassic when Neocimmerian movements were intensified and a regression on the Tethyan shelf had reached its peak. At that time, in the Western Outer Carpathians, breccias and olistostromes including mainly carbonate boulders, olistoliths and klippen were formed. In the Silesian Basin the supply of these redeposited materials culminated in Late Tithonian. The marly layers with olistolithes are known from the Cieszyn Silesian. The deposits occur at the top of nonflysch marly deposits, which belong to the oldest units of the Cieszyn Beds of the Polish and the Czech Outer Carpathians. In the Czech Carpathians these deposits correspond to the Ropice horizon (Eliáš & Eliášova 1984), which apart from the Štramberk reef and allodapic Cieszyn Limestones contains also calcareous sandstones and claystones including boulders of metamorphic and magmatic rocks (Eliáš & Eliášova 1984). These deposits yielded foraminifers which were also subject to removal and transportation. These include numerous calcareous (involutinids, placentulininds) and single agglutinated (lituolids) foraminifers which have been reported in rocks containing the olistolithes, but mainly in the overlying marls. Late Tithonian microfossils include also fragments of crinoids, bryozoans, and corals. These layers including calcareous material coming from destruction of the reef complex and carbonate platform can be assigned to a lithohorizon, deposited during geotectonic rebuilding of the northern Tethyan margins.