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Charakterystyka mineralizacji kruszcowej cechsztynu na obszarze Weisswasser w Niemczech

Kucha H., Bil B. W.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2017

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nr 468

143--151

PL

Przedmiotem badań są próbki rdzeni wiertniczych pozyskanych podczas prac poszukiwawczych rud miedzi na obszarze Weisswasser w Saksonii. Obszar stanowi północno-zachodnią część niecki północnosudeckiej, której profil litostratygraficzny wykazuje podobieństwo do typowego wykształcenia znanego ze złoża Legnicko-Głogowskiego Okręgu Miedziowego (LGOM). Materiał badawczy poddano szczegółowym obserwacjom mikroskopowym w świetle odbitym i analizom składu chemicznego w mikroobszarze przy użyciu mikroskopu skaningowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań zidentyfikowano minerały kruszcowe: chalkopiryt, chalkozyn, bornit, digenit, galenę, sfaleryt, srebro rodzime, amalgamaty-Ag, mckinstryit, stromeyeryt, anilit i betechtinit. Przedstawiono szczegółową charakterystykę występowania mineralizacji siarczkowej, określając jej formę, zrosty i paragenezy, relację w stosunku do uwarunkowań mikrotektonicznych, a także implikacje zmian morfologicznych dna zbiornika cechsztyńskiego. Stwierdzono 3 formy mineralizacji: śródwarstwowe soczewki siarczków miedzi powstałe poprzez hydrauliczne odspajanie wzdłuż płaszczyzn laminacji osadu wywołane przez zmineralizowane roztwory pod wysokim ciśnieniem; siarczki miedzi zastępujące wcześniejsze soczewki pirytu framboidalnego oraz zastępowanie bioklastów. Siarczki miedzi nagromadziły się kosztem siarki zgromadzonej podczas sedymentacji i wczesnej diagenezy w postaci bakteryjnego pirytu. Mineralizacja rudna występuje w cienkim horyzoncie o rozbudowanej sieci mikrospękań. W łupku miedzionośnym obserwuje się także pojedyncze ziarna ostrokrawędzistego chalkopirytu zaburzającego laminacje poniżej i powyżej, co świadczy o przemieszczeniu ziarna z pokruszonego konglomeratu i ponownej sedymentacji razem z łupkiem oraz dalszy wzrost w plastycznym osadzie. Zaobserwowane formy mineralne wiążą się z przynajmniej dwoma systemami spękań powstałymi w wyniku pompowania sejsmicznego roztworów mineralizujących oraz spękaniami w obrębie wzrastających kryształów.

EN

The research deals with drill core samples collected during exploration of copper in the Weisswasser area in Saxony. The area is the north-western part of the North-Sudetic Basin, the lithostratigraphic section of which is similar to the typical one known from the Lubin district. As a result of mineralogical observations using reflected light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the following minerals were identified: chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, digenite, galena, sphalerite, native silver, Ag-amalgams, mckinstyite, anilite and betechtinite. Detailed characteristics of the occurrence of sulphide mineralization is presented, describing its form, mutual inclusions and paragenesis, relationship to microtectonic conditions, as well as implications of morphological changes on the bottom of the Zechstein. Three forms of mineralization were found: (1) horizontal, mid-layered copper sulphide lenses formed by hydraulic peeling along the sludge lamination surfaces caused by mineralized high-pressure solutions, (2) horizontal copper sulphide lenses replacing previous framboidal pyrite lenses, and (3) replacement of bioclasts. Copper sulphides were concentrated at the expense of sulphur deposited during sedimentation and early diagenesis as bacterial pyrite. Ore mineralization occurs in the thin horizon with an extensive microtectonic net. Two tectonic episodes can be distinguished: Mesozoic tectonic events that enabled seismic pumping of hot fluids, and microfractures that developed during ore minerals precipitation. Futhermore, single sharp-edged grains of chalcopyrite disturbing lamination of copper shale are observed. It indicates the displacement of grains from crushed conglomerate and resedimentation together with copper shale.

2

The Eastern Sudetic Island in the Early-to-Middle Turonian : evidence from heavy minerals in the Jerzmanice sandstones, SW Poland

Biernacka J., Józefiak M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 4

545-565

EN

The Eastern Sudetic Island was an emerged area in the late Cretaceous shelf-sea of central Europe that delivered coarse siliciclastic material to adjacent basins. The extent of this land area during the Early-to-Middle Turonian has been reconstructed on the basis of a heavy-mineral analysis of the Jerzmanice sandstones from the North Sudetic Basin. The heavy minerals studied predominantly derive from medium to high grade metamorphic rocks, such as granulites and metabasites, calc-silicate rocks, mica schists and gneisses, and from garnet peridotites and pegmatites/granites. The interpretation of various heavy mineral species provides evidence that the major part of the detritus constituting the Jerzmanice sandstones was supplied from a relatively small area of the fore-Sudetic part of the Gory Sowie Massif and its immediate vicinity, approx. 50 km away from the depositional site. Heavy minerals and particularly the chemical characteristics of detrital garnets, Cr-spinels and tourmalines, have turned out to be excellent indicators of the provenance of these mature late cretaceous sandstones.

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Vertebrate remains from the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Górne (North-Sudetic Basin, SW Poland)

Chrząstek A.

Geological Quarterly

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2008

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Vol. 52, No 3

225-225

EN

Vertebrate remains, mostly fish teeth and scales, are described from the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Górne, North-Sudetic Basin, SW Poland. The assemblage occurs in dark grey organodetrital limestone of unit C. Vertebrate remains, represented mainly by vertebrate bones and coprolites, are also known from unit B. Five taxa of chondrichthyan teeth — Acrodus lateralis, Acrodus cf. lateralis, Acrodus sp., Palaeobates angustissimus, Palaeobates sp. and, for the first time from this region, two taxa of osteichthyan remains — teeth of Birgeria sp., scales from Gyrolepis sp. as well as scales from unclassified actinopterygians and enigmatic bones (fishes?) are described from the Lower Muschelkalk at Raciborowice Górne. Reptile teeth represent ing the Nothosauridae or Cymatosauridae have been found for the first time at this locality. They were discovered in the Bone Bed of unit C, that had previously only yielded fish teeth. The material collected has allowed reconstruction of the vertebrate as semblage of the Lower Muschelkalk of the North-Sudetic Basin. It has also helped to constrain reconstructions of the palaeoenvironment, sugesting that it represented a deepening lagoon. The assemblage has been correlated with age-equivalents from other regions of Europe, the faunas from the Holy Cross Mts. (Central Poland) being the closest analogy. The evidence indicates that, during the deposition of units Band C that, contain the vertebrate remains, connection with the Tethys Ocean was through the Silesian–Moravian and East Carpathian marine gateways.

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A new Lower Coniacian fauna from the Jerzmanice Zdrój region of the North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland

Chrząstek A.

Geologia Sudetica

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2008

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Vol. 40

33-50

EN

This paper describes and interprets a newly discovered Lower Coniacian (lower Upper Cretaceous) macro- and micro- fossil fauna (vertebrate and invertebrate remains) from sedimentary rocks of the Jerzmanice Zdrój region of the North Sudetic Basin of SW Poland. Several inoceramid bivalve taxa that previously were only known from other parts of the North Sudetic Basin were recovered from light grey, marly sandstones of Early Coniacian age. A fragment of ammonite was also discovered, as was a shark's tooth from the family Cretoxyrhinidae: this may be Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz, 1843, a species not hitherto known from the Lower Coniacian (Emscherian sensu Scupin (1912-13)) of the North Sudetic Basin. Abundant foraminifers were observed in thin sections. The newly discovered inoceramid bivalves - Cremnoceramus deformis erectus Meek, 1877, Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis waltersdorfensis Andert, 1911 and Inoceramus lusatiae Andert, 1911 - fit into the current biostratigraphic scheme for the region. The inoceramids can all be assigned to the Cremnoceramus deformis erectus Zone, which correlates with the Gavelinella moniliformis foraminiferal Zone and thereby confirms an Early Coniacian age. The Turonian-Coniacian boundary in the North Sudetic Basin can now be placed between the respective inoceramid zones of Inoceramus costellatus Woods, 1912 (actually Mytiloides costellatus Woods, 1912) and Inoceramus schloenbachi Böhm, 1911 (actually Cremnoceramus crassus crassus Petrascheck, 1903). The macrofossils found in the Jerzmanice section suggest that the host sediments were laid down in a Late Cretaceous epicontinental basin, under the North Sudetic Sea, that had deepened during the Early Coniacian. This interpretation agrees with the global bathymetric curve for the Late Cretaceous in Europe.

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The Lower Muschelkalk crinoids from Raciborowice, North-Sudetic Basin, SW Poland

Głuchowski E., Salamon M.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 1

83--92

EN

Five Middle Triassic crinoid taxa: Eckicrinus radiatus (Schauroth, 1859), Holocrinus acutangulus (Meyer, 1847), H. dubius (Goldfuss, 1831), Dadocrinus sp. and Encrinidae gen. et sp. indet., from the North-Sudetic Basin, are described. The occurrence of Eckicrinus radiatus (Schauroth) is reported in the area for the first time. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of the crinoids, the ranges of three crinoid zones (Dadocrinus Zone, acutangulus Zone and dubius Zone) have been constrained. A modified correlation between the Lower Muschelkalk deposits of the North-Sudetic Basin, Upper Silesia and the Holy Cross Mountains is proposed.

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New data on Middle Triassic echinoderms from the Sudetes Mountains

Salamon M., Niedźwiedzki R., Walter R.

Geological Quarterly

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2003

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Vol. 47, No 2

133-138

EN

This paper describes the Triassic ophiuroid genus Aspiduriella and outlines the stratigraphic ranges of crinoids and echinoids in the Lower Muschelkalk strata of the North-Sudetic Basin. It is shown that, contrary to previous opinion, echinoderm taxa occurred in the North-Sudetic Basin at the same time as in other areas of the eastern part of the Germanic Basin.