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1

Town-museum. Impression of Normandy

Żychowska M. J.

Architectus

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2012

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Nr 2(32)

7--11

EN

A therapeutic influence of climate and sea baths was highly appreciated since the ancient times, whereas a holiday spent at the seaside has been a British tradition going back to the 18th century. The first bath facilities were developed there and the guests could take a bath in the North Sea or drink tea. With the advance of rail transport at the beginning of the 19th century, the coast was opened to everybody not only elites. Traveling by train proved efficient and inexpensive both for short excursions and vacation trips. Similar trends can be observed on the other side of the English Channel. For example, in Normandy on the Picard coast in the years 1880–1896 a significant urban development of three cities located close to one another was noted, i.e. Eu, Le Tréport, Mers-les-Baines. The first important investment in Mers-les-Baines was a casino built in 1900, and on July 10, 1904, a railroad track was built to reach that place from Eu-Tréport. In the scope of the architecture formation, we can notice three major phases of development and evolution of the local stylistics. The first phase comprises structures in a simple style in which brick constitutes a dominant material. Cast iron balconies or mansards rarely appeared as ornamentations. The second phase, which was more and more connected with tourism, was dominated by Anglo-Flemish influences with a perceptible diversity of stylistic programmes – villas and hotels with bay windows and balconies were becoming more and more impressive. In the third phase – in the glory times of architecture - it took full advantage of the abundance of patterns included in the flower style of art nouveau.

PL

Od starożytności wysoko ceniony był leczniczy wpływ klimatu i kąpieli morskich. Natomiast wakacje nad morzem to brytyjska tradycja sięgająca XVIII w. Tam uruchomiono pierwsze urządzenia kąpielowe, w których kuracjusze mogli albo wziąć kąpiel morską w Morzu Północnym, albo pić herbatę. Wraz z nadejściem kolei na początku XIX w. wybrzeże zostało otwarte dla wszystkich, nie tylko dla elity. Podróż pociągiem stała się skutecznym i niedrogim sposobem zarówno na krótkie wycieczki, jak i na wakacje. Podobne tendencje zagościły po drugiej stronie kanału La Manche. Na przykład w Normandii, na wybrzeżu Pikardii, w latach 1880–1896 odnotowano znaczący rozwój urbanistyczny trzech blisko siebie położonych miast: Eu, Le Tréport, Mers-les-Baines. Pierwszą znaczącą inwestycją w Mers-les-Baines była realizacja kasyna w 1900 r., a 10 lipca 1904 r. doprowadzono linię kolejową z Eu-Tréport. W zakresie kształtowania się architektury można tam odnotować trzy główne okresy rozwoju i ewolucji lokalnej stylistyki. Pierwsza faza to budowle utrzymane w prostym stylu, w którym dominującym materiałem była cegła. Jako dekoracja rzadko pojawiały się żeliwne balkony czy mansardy. Druga faza coraz bardziej związana z turystyką zdominowana była wpływami anglo-flamandzkimi z odczuwalną różnorodnością programów stylistycznych – wille i hotele z wykuszami i balkonami stawały się coraz bardziej imponujące. W trzeciej fazie, w czasach świetności, architektura zaczerpnęła z obfitości wzorców zawartych w kwiatowym stylu art nouveau.

2

Indirect biostratigraphy in condensed successions: a case history from the Bajocian of Normandy (NW France)

Pavia G., Martire L.

Volumina Jurassica

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2009

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Vol. 7, no. 1

67-76

EN

The fossil assemblages of the Bajocian of Normandy are affected by taphonomic condensation, and the use of these assemblages for biostratigraphy must be carried out with great care because of the taphonomic reworking (reelaboration) of most of them. Nevertheless such beautiful fossils, ammonites in particular, retain their value at least as taxonomic references if their relative stratigraphic position is recognized. Such a goal has been achieved in the Bretteville section, where the "Oolithe Ferrugineuse de Bayeux" Formation (OFB), consisting of 14 beds contained within 170 cm of strata, is exposed. Each bed contains a condensed ammonite assemblage in which the overall chronologic interval represented by fossils is longer than the time of sedimentation of the bed, and no ammonites can be defined as contemporaneous with the enclosing matrix, except for the topmost two beds. The timing of biologic and sedimentary events in this Fe-oolitic succession must thus be established in an indirect way, through a stratigraphy of fossils based on their taphonomically delayed first occurrence. In particular, we can only define the maximum age of each layer, constrained by the youngest recorded fossil. On the basis of this approach, the lower part of the OFB is shown to fall within the middle to upper part of the Bajocian Stage (Humphriesianum to Parkinsoni chrons), whereas the uppermost OFB can be referred to as the uppermost Bajocian (latest Parkinsoni Chron). We conclude that, at Bretteville and in general for the Fe-oolites of Normandy, fossiliferous horizons with condensed assemblages have no value for definition of the biostratigraphic standard scale, and that indirect biostratigraphy is useful to assign minimal chronologic values to taxa when (1) their stratigraphical range has not yet been established in expanded successions, (2) they are new taxa, and (3) they are present only in a condensed succession that suffered from the same taphonomic constraints as the Bajocian of Normandy.

3

Relative biostratigraphy in condensed succession: a case history from the Bajocian of Normandy

Pavia G., Martire L.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

201-202

EN

The classic dm-thick sections of the Bajocian of Normandy, NW France, such as those of St. Honorinedes- Pertes (formerly d’Orbigny’s stratotype), Sully and St. Vigor in the surroundings of Bayeux are affected by taphonomic and stratigraphic condensations (Pavia 1994). The use of their fossils for biostratigraphic purpose to date the embedding sediments must be avoided because of the taphonomically reworked state of most of them. Such beautiful fossils, ammonites in particular, would become useful again as taxonomic reference if their relative position is recognized. This goal is what Gauthier et al. (1996) tried to achieve in the more than 2 m thick section of Feuguerolles, south of Caen; but the fossil preservation is poor and the Quaternary weathering altered the Fe-oolitic limestone so that beds are not clearly discernible and taphonomic analysis is difficult. A succession similar to that of Feuguerolles was exposed more than ten years ago during a highway construction at Bretteville, SW Caen (Martire & Torta 2000). The succession of the Oolite Ferrugineuse de Bayeux Formation consists of evenly bedded limestones which total the thickness of 140 cm. Even more important beds are lenticular so that, correlating two separated sections, 20 metres far one to the other, we numbered 13 interfingered layers each one with a distinct fossil assemblage. Beds are rich in fossils and a large collection of them is stored in the Museo di Scienze Naturali di Torino. Most ammonites, if not all, are reelaborated and the taphonomic reworking could have been repeated many times; consequently beds contain fossils belonging to different taphorecords, each one characterized by a definite state of fossil preservation discernible from that of other mixed fossils. The taphonomic condensation (sensu Gomez & Fernandez-Lopez 1994) does not allow any reliable biostratigraphy. Nevertheless, the detection of bed interfingering and the careful collection of fossils, bed by bed, led us to consider the 13 successive fossil assemblages as the product of spatially restricted sedimentary events whose age could be outlined by the biochronologic relationships of ammonites contained in superposed beds. Each bed gets in this way a minimal relative age. This provided a relative biostratigraphic succession even if all fossils are reelaborated, which helps in using fossils at least for taxonomic purposes. It is worth noting that such a practice does not constitute any reference either for standardizing biozonation nor for correlation purpose except at regional extent. An example from the Bretteville section could put into practice this procedure. Bed 9 delivered more than 35 identified ammonites; all specimens are reelaborated and biochronologically span the Humpriesianum and Niortense zones; no taxa of the above Garantiana Zone are present. The overlying bed 10 is equally rich in reelaborated ammonites with taxa again referable to the Humpriesianum and Niortense Zones, but also taxa such as Pseudogarantiana and Prorsisphinctes stompus which point to the Garantiana Zone. In conclusion, we are confident to assign the bed 9 to the passage between Niortense and Garantiana zones.