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Zmiany koryta Niemna w ciągu 200 lat (na odcinku od Hożej do Mielnika)

Plit Joanna

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2010

nr 13

78--87

Od wieków i aż po dzień dzisiejszy Niemen spontanicznie kształtował swoją koryto, obserwowane zmiany przebiegu rzeki uwarunkowane były naturalnymi czynnikami, najczęściej związane były z powodziami. Rzeka nie jest obwałowana, poza wybudowaniem Kanału Augustowskiego (którego ujściowy odcinek znajduje się na badanym terenie) nie prowadzono żadnych dużych prac hydrotechnicznych. Wpływ działalności człowieka obserwować można w dolinie, od średniowiecza polegał on głównie na odlesieniu terenów, osuszanie podmokłości i rolniczym użytkowaniu ziemi.

For centuries, and up until today, Neman spontaneously shaped its riverbed. The observed changes in the river course were conditioned by the natural factors, most frequently associated with floods. The river is not walled, and except for the constructions linked with the Augustów Canal (whose mouth segment is situated on the area considered) no larger‐scale hydro‐engineering works have been conducted. The influence of human activity can be observed in the valley – since the Middle Ages it consisted mainly in deforestation of the land, drying of the swampy areas and agricultural use of land.

Późnoplejstoceński rozwój doliny Niemna w rejonie Grodna na Białorusi

Lindner L., Sańko A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2008

Vol. 56, nr 1

73-80

Based on geological and paleobotanic data, the oldest valley system of the Niemen River is linked in the study area with a river located southward of Grodno, within a parallel valley from the Alexandrian (Mazovian) Interglacial. The foundations of the present-day, almost meridian course of the Niemen River valley, are connected with a system of post-glacial lakes from the Sozhian (Wartanian) Stadial of the Pripethian (Odranian) Glaciation, later filled with organic deposits of the Muravian (Eemian) Interglacial. Analysis of six sites with these deposits (Pyszki, Rumlówka, Poniemuń, Żukiewicze, Bohatyrowicze and Kniażewodce) indicates that they represent three lakes located at different altitudes. During the maximal range of the Dvinian (Main) Stadial of the Poozerian (Vistulian) Glaciation, the lakes were beyond the range of the ice-sheet. At this time, the highest located deposits of the Poniemuń-Żukiewicze lake were covered by sander sediments, whereas the Bohatyrowicze-Kniażewodce and Pyszki-Rumlówka lakes that were located at lower levels, were covered by fluvio-periglacial deposits and varved clays of the Skidel ice-dammed lake. Retreat of the ice-sheet of the Dvinian Stadial, resulting in outflow of water from the Skidel ice-dammed lake through the area with the two lower interglacial lakes, triggered the formation of a system of the Niemen River supra-flood terraces above them. Accumulation of the highest of these terraces (VI), during the first phase of the Skidel lake outflow, marks the beginning of the present-day Niemen River valley formation that probably began in the younger phases of the Dvinian ice-sheet retreat. Further evolution of the valley is linked with the Late Glacial formation of the middle (III-V) supra-flood terraces and with the Holocene formation of the lower (II, I) supra-flood terraces.