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Implications of brecciation in Pennsylvanian Atoka Bank complex carbonates, Eddy County, New Mexico

Eren Muhsin

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2023

Vol. 93, No. 4

345--352

The Pennsylvanian Atoka bank carbonates were deposited on the northwest shelf of the Delaware Basin in Eddy County, New Mexico, forming a stratigraphic trap for natural gas. Brecciation is common in the core samples of some wells. This paper describes the brecciation in the phylloid algal limestones and discusses its origin. In the core samples, brecciated dark areas, consisting of irregularly shaped fragments, are seen together with internal sediment-filled pores, characterized by light gray coloured areas. Detailed examination of the core samples reveals that the brecciated dark areas correspond to open space areas between phylloid algal colonies, on the basis of comparison with the well-preserved primary rock texture in the cores. Brecciation is mainly due to the selective dissolution of phylloid algae that produced phylloid algal moulds, later filled by sandy internal sediments under subaerial conditions. The subsequent compaction of the limestone caused the rock to break up and formed a breccia in situ. The sandy internal sediment prevented the moulds from collapse as well as breccia formation in the pore-filling area, owing to its loose character. Overall, the brecciation process, including the dissolution of phylloid algae and breakage of the rocks, significantly improved the reservoir quality, whereas the internal sediment reduced the reservoir quality, for it reduced the porosity.

Przedstawienia figuralne w ikonografii ceramiki kultury Mimbres

Ciomek Katarzyna, Belnap Ryan, Boone Dan

Szkło i Ceramika

2019

R. 70, nr 2

8--12

Artykuł opisuje zdobnictwo ceramiczne w kulturze Mimbres, która w czasach prekolumbijskich rozwijała się na terenie Południowego Zachodu Stanów Zjednoczonych. Do najbardziej charakterystycznych motywów ornamentacyjnych w tym regionie należą malowane na powierzchniach naczyń figury ludzi i zwierząt. W tekście przybliżona została symboliczna rola naczynia i jego kolorystyki, a także interpretacje najbardziej charakterystycznych przedstawień figuralnych w kontekście społeczności ją wykonującej, jak i obszarów będących w tym czasie miejscem kształtowania się odmiennych tradycji kulturowych rozwijających się na terenach Południowego Zachodu Ameryki Północnej (Pueblo i Hohokam) oraz Mezoameryki.

The Mimbres culture developed in the preColumbian era in the southwestern part of the United States and has been viewed as a branch of the greater Mogollon cultural tradition. Its specific features are well known ceramic production and distinctive black-on-white ornamentation motifs finely executed on the inner surfaces of hemispherical bowls. They consist of complex geometric designs and occasionally include representations of humans and animals. Their realistic appearance and narrative character suggest a relationship to everyday and ceremonial life of the Mimbres people. Ceramic ornamentation is also considered in the context of other cultural traditions of the Southwestern (like Pueblo and Hohokam) and Mesoamerican societies. In addition, the bowl-shaped vessels and their coloring which entail connections to the symbolic thinking of the southwestern peoples is also characterized in the further text.