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1

Stratigraphy of the Jajarkot nappe: finding the rocks of the Tethys province

Lamsal Sunil, Paudyal Kabi Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

41--41

EN

There are several thrust sheets in the Lesser Himalayan region of Nepal. The Jajarkot nappe is one of them. It is located immediately west of the Kahun Klippe and east of the Karnali Nappe. There is no unified stratigraphy established for this thrust sheet. In the present research, an attempt was made to establish the stratigraphy of the Jajarkot nappe to fulfill the research gap. Previously described by Fuchs & Frank (1970) and Sharma (1980), the Jajarkot nappe in western Nepal have two distinctive crystalline lithological units: the Chaurjhari Formation and Thabang Formation. The previous unit consists of garnet-grade schist, and quartzites, with intrusions of basic rocks and granites, while the later unit consists of grey to brown crystalline limestones with biotite-quartz-schists. An unconformity is observed above the Thabang Formation. The younger geological unit above the unconformity is mapped as the Jaljala Formation, which is composed of finegrained calcareous sandstone and calcareous siltstone with minor proportions of limestones and grey-green slates. At present work, a preliminary geological study was carried out to work on the stratigraphy of the Jajarkot nappe in the Jaljala areas at 1:25,000 scales. Fossils of crinoids are found in the rock unit of the Jaljala Formation. These fossils are considered the index fossils of the Silurian. In this case, the Jaljala Formation would be equivalent to the rocks of the Tethyan affinity, and further study is under progress. The concept that the thrust sheets are moved from north to south in the Himalayas will be evidenced by these findings. An attempt is made to correlate the presently found fossils with the crinoids of the Phulchauki Group of the Kathmandu nappe and with the root zone of the Tethys succession.

2

A silicified wood from the Early Cretaceous sediments in the Kaligandaki Valley, west central Nepal

Paudayal Khum N., Paudel Lalu P., Uhl Dieter

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

55--55

EN

A silicified wood has been discovered from the Tethyan Cretaceous (Berriasian) deposits belonging to the Kagbeni Formation of north Central Nepal. The wood exhibits anatomical features which are well in accordance with Araucarioxylon nepalense described by Barale et al. (1976) from another locality in the Kagbeni Formation near Kagbeni in the Thakkhola Valley in Central Nepal. It is a pycnoxylic wood with mostly uniseriate and rarely biseriate bordered pits on radial tracheid walls. According to recent taxonomic opinions this type of wood should not be treated as Araucarioxylon, but as Agathoxylon Hartig. Thus we propose the name Agathoxylon nepalense comb. nov. for this type of wood. The sandstones of the Kagbeni Formation have been interpreted as delta-deposits, with a major flow direction from the south. This suggests that the wood originated from the northern margin of Indian sub-continent.

3

Inventory of geotouristic routes along the southern hills of the Kathmandu Valley

Acharya Manjari, Paudyal Kabi Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2021

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nr 3-4 (66-67)

47--61

EN

An inventory map of geotouristic sites was prepared on the scale of 1 : 25 000 along the Chandragiri-Chitlang Range, southwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. From the ridges and peaks of the Chandragiri-Chitlang range, visitors can witness breathtaking views of the surrounding hills, modern buildings, and ancient temples of the Kathmandu Valley from a distance. The objective of the study was to explore the geotouristic sites around the Kathmandu Valley. For this purpose, all the available information related to geology, environment, geography, culture, religion, and other touristic components was reviewed thoroughly, and extensive fieldwork was carried out with the purpose of geological mapping and data collection. The Chandragiri-Chitlang range is a renowned place and open book not only for geologists but also for the nature lover, climbers, trekkers, photographers, videographers, cultural tourists, biologists, and ayurvedic and it has a great prospect for tourism due to its geomorphological variation, unique geological features, beautiful natural scene, unique trekking trails, culture, biodiversity, adventurous way, heritage, and historical sites. Major geotouristic sites, which attract tourists throughout the year in this range are the lush green Chandragiri Hill, Chandragiri Temple with children’s playground and exciting recreational equipment, snowfall, on the winter season, Chitlang Homestay, Chobhar Hill, Taudaha natural pond, Pharping Hill, Champadevi Temple, Gupteshwor cave, Chobhar cave, Thankot, and Matatirtha Temple, etc. Geologically, the study area comprises the lower four geological units of the Phulchoki Group of the Kathmandu Complex from older to younger sequences i.e. the Tistung Formation, the Sopyang Formation, the Chandragiri Limestone, and the Chitlang Formation along with alluvial fan deposits and Kathmandu Lake sediments. The basin of Kathmandu is filled with the lacustrine-fluvial deposits of ancient lakes followed by river deposits. The Chandragiri Thrust, Chitlang Syncline, Kirtipur Anticline are the major regional-scale geological structures within the study area. Unique oldfashioned footrail attracts tourists and increased the charm of traveling in this place. The homestays in Chitlang village, joyful of culture and environment, provide a tranquil retreat away from the bustling crowds of Kathmandu. Preparation of a tourist guidebook and planning and development from the perspective of a geotouristic approach is recommended after this research. Reconstruction and establishment of trekking foot trails and tourist information centers based on currently available natural and human resources without investing high costs can be carried out for sustainable tourism development in this range.

4

Learning to cope with water variability through participatory monitoring: the case study of the mountainous region, Nepal

Regmi Santosh, Bhusal Jagat K., Gurung Praju, Zulkafli Zed, Karpouzoglou Timothy, Tocachi Boris Ochoa, Buytaert Wouter, Mao Feng

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2019

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Vol. 7, Iss. 2

49--61

EN

Participatory monitoring allows communities to understand the use and management of local water resources and at the same time develop a sense of ownership of environmental information. The data generated through participatory monitoring of stream flow and rainfall generate evidences to corroborate local people’s experiences with changing water resources patterns. In this study we evaluate the potential of participatory monitoring of hydrological variables to improve scarce water supply utilization in agriculture. The case study site is the Mustang district in Nepal, which is located in the Upper Kaligandaki River Basin in the Himalayas with unique and complex geographical and climatic features. This region is characterized by a semi-arid climate with total annual precipitation of less than 300 mm. Water supply, agricultural land, and livestock grazing are the key ecosystem services that underpin livelihood security of the local population, particularly socio-economically vulnerable groups. An analysis of the measured stream flow data indicate that annual flow of water in the stream can meet the current crop irrigation water needs for the agricultural land of the research site. The data provide local farmers a new way of understanding local water needs. Participatory monitoring would contribute to an optimization of the use of ecosystem services to support economic development and livelihood improvement.

5

Działania ratownicze komponentu medycznego Polskiej Ciężkiej Grupy Poszukiwawczo-Ratowniczej (HUSAR Poland) podczas akcji po trzęsieniu ziemi w Nepalu w roku 2015

Chomoncik M., Feltynowski M., Smolarczyk L.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2018

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Vol. 51, iss. 3

104--118

PL

Cel: Autorzy artykułu, uczestnicy akcji Ciężkiej Grupy Poszukiwawczo-Ratowniczej Państwowej Straży Pożarnej (HUSAR Poland) po trzęsieniu ziemi w Nepalu w 2015 r. na podstawie prezentowanego studium przypadku dokonali próby przybliżenia czytelnikom specyfiki działań komponentu medycznego tej specjalistycznej formacji. Wprowadzenie: We wstępie wyliczono główne jednostki organizacyjne PSP, z których pochodzą ratownicy Grupy, doprecyzowano okoliczności jej formalnego utworzenia, w tym powołanie pierwszego Zespołu Komendanta Głównego PSP ds. specjalizacji poszukiwawczo-ratowniczej. Następnie opisano rolę ustandaryzowanych zasad poszukiwawczo-ratowniczych w Krajowym Systemie Ratowniczo-Gaśniczym oraz przedstawiono dotychczasowe międzynarodowe akcje po trzęsieniach ziemi, w których brali udział polscy strażacy. Następnie, po wyjaśnieniu mandatu prawnego Międzynarodowej Grupy Doradczej ds. Poszukiwań i Ratownictwa (INSARAG) oraz roli jej wytycznych w określaniu minimalnych międzynarodowych standardów, autorzy doprecyzowali skład wszystkich komponentów HUSAR Poland. Celem badań było znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące optymalnego sposobu wykorzystania potencjału komponentu medycznego HUSAR Poland podczas zagranicznych akcji poszukiwawczo-ratowniczych. Metody: Materiał badawczy stanowiły międzynarodowe i krajowe dokumenty normatywne regulujące zasady funkcjonowania HUSAR Poland i określające minimalne standardy dla grup poszukiwawczo-ratowniczych i zagranicznych zespołów medycznych. Wykorzystano analizę akcji HUSAR Poland w Nepalu w 2015 r. oraz wnioski z akcji na Haiti w 2010 r. Główną metodą badawczą była analiza dokumentów oraz statystyk. W tekście przekrojowo przedstawiono zadania komponentu medycznego USAR Poland w różnych fazach tzw. „cyklu misji” i używane w praktyce dokumenty. Szczególną uwagę, zgodnie z tytułem artykułu, poświęcono ukazaniu zadań medycznych zrealizowanych podczas akcji w Nepalu. Autorzy nie tylko przedstawili przykładowe statystyki z działań komponentu medycznego Grupy w Nepalu, ale odnieśli się też do zakresu analogicznych działań z akcji na Haiti w 2010 r. Podsumowanie: W podsumowaniu i wnioskach autorzy podjęli się próby wskazania najefektywniejszego wykorzystania komponentu medycznego HUSAR Poland w działaniach międzynarodowych, tuż po zakończeniu fazy poszukiwawczo-ratowniczej związanej z wydobywaniem poszkodowanych spod gruzów (tzw. koncepcja działania poza gruzami), tak aby jego możliwości były wykorzystane optymalnie i w pełni komplementarnie do oczekiwań społeczności poszkodowanej oraz zarządzających katastrofą instytucji. Sformułowano wnioski, zgodnie z którymi sugerowaną rolą mogłaby być realizacja zadań zbieżnych do przewidzianych wg Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia dla zagranicznego zespołu medycznego typu pierwszego „Foreign Medical Team type 1”.

EN

Purpose: Based on a case study, the authors, members of a heavy urban search and rescue unit (HUSAR Poland) of the State Fire Service (SFS), who participated in relief operations in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquake, try to describe the roles of medical teams within this specialist organisation. Introduction: The article starts by enumerating the key organisational bodies of the State Fire Service where the Unit’s members normally work, and proceeds to outline the history of its formal establishment, including the appointment of the first SFS Chief Commander Team for Search & Rescue. Then it describes the role of the uniform search and rescue procedures within the State Rescue and Fire-Fighting System, and presents previous international operations following earthquakes, in which Polish firefighters participated. Finally, the paper explains the legal basis for the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) and the importance of its guidelines for specifying minimum international standards, and lists all the components of HUSAR Poland. The purpose of this paper was to address the question concerning the best way to utilise the potential of HUSAR Poland’s medical component during foreign search & rescue operations. Methods: Research material comprised international and domestic standards which govern the functioning of HUSAR Poland and which define the minimum standards for search and rescue groups and foreign medical teams. The paper analyses HUSAR Poland’s involvement in the 2015 Nepal operation, and conclusions drawn from the 2010 Haiti operation. Its primary research method was the analysis of documents and statistical data. The article provides an overview of USAR Poland’s medical team at different phases of the Response Cycle, and documents used in practice. As shown in the title, special attention was given to describing medical roles and responsibilities fulfilled during the Nepal operation. The authors not only present some statistical examples for the Unit’s medical team involvement in Nepal, but also refer to some similar activities carried out during the 2010 Haiti operation. Summary: In the Summary and conclusions section, the authors tried to identify the most effective ways of utilising HUSAR Poland’s medical component in international operations, immediately after the search & rescue phase involving the recovery of victims from the rubble (known as beyond the rubble) is completed, so that its potential can be used in full to meet the expectations of the affected communities and the local emergency services. These conclusions suggest that a possible role could be to serve the functions similar to those defined by the World Health Organisation for Foreign Medical Teams Type 1.

6

Field trip in the Nepal Himalayas

Gutiérrez F., Crozier M.

Landform Analysis

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2017

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Vol. 35

27--30

EN

Short information about the geomorphological field trip in the Nepalese Himalayas. The field trip was conceived as a traverse across the entire High Himalayan system, travelling along the Kali Gandaki River up to the Thakkhola Graben, and passing between the Annapurna-Nilgiri Range and the Dhaulagiri. The field trip was largely focused of various aspects related to hazardous geomorphological processes associated with an extreme mountain environment: high local relief and rapid tectonic uplift, glaciated mountains, frequent large earthquakes, severe and contrasting monsoonal precipitation, and unregulated rivers.

7

Mosty Nepalu

Stańczyk A.

Drogownictwo

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2001

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nr 2

63-65

PL

Proponuję wycieczkę w Himalaje, by obejrzeć nepalskie mosty, których sam w naturze nigdy nie oglądałem. Nie ruszając się znad lektury będziemy mogli podziwiać potęgę gór, siłę potoków spadających kaskadami lub przelewających się dnem wąwozów między głazami, niespożyty upór drzew i krzewów wspinających się na zbocza, i w takim pejzażu docenić zmyślność ludzi, którzy zbudowali tam mosty. Nie byli profesjonalistami - do budowania zmusiła ich potrzeba.