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2 Polak A.

2 2002

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Przygotowania do obrony wybrzeża w Polsce (koncepcje obrony), w okresie międzywojennym :1920-1939

Polak A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2002

nr 2(47)

391-402

This article is the first of series of articles touching on coast defence in Poland in the years 1920 - 2000. It concerns coast defence developments (concepts) in Poland in the between the wars period and preparations to its defence. Coast defence was dealt with in independent Poland since 1920. Then a few defence plans were developed and the units to conduct the defence tasks were organised. The First Regiment of Coast Artillery was formed first. It existed from December 1920 to December 1921. At the beginning of the 30s coast defence was transformed from theoretical considerations to accomplishing stage. Coast and anti-aircraft artillery units were formed. Battalions (later regiments) of marine gunners were organised The naval base in Hel was enlarged. Much attention was drawn to the problem of command over the entire force. In 1933 the Coast Sea Defence Command was set up. Eventually (as the forces grew) the command system was re-organised just before the outbreak of World War 2. The coast defence was headed by the Fleet Commander (Coast Sea Defence commander, Coast Land Defence commander, Sea Air Division commander, and Torpedo Boats Division commander were subordinated to him). The article also discusses a large spectrum of preparations to coast defence in 1939, on the one hand Polish forces, on the other German land, air and naval forces deployed on the coast just before the outbreak of the war, taking into consideration Polish and German forces’ initial deployment on the coast in August 1939.

Działania wojenne w obronie polskiego wybrzeża : 1 września - 2 października 1939 roku. Cz. 2

Polak A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2002

nr 3-4(48-49)

315-329

This is a successive article concerning defending the Polish coast in 1920-2000. Fighting on the coast in 1939, due to its specific character, took the form of operations on isolated directions. Battles that the literature mentions as „ the defence of the coast” included in fact five „operations”. The first three refer to land defence of the Coast, naval defence of the Coast and War Fleet operations. The successive two include defending the Polish Post Office in Gdańsk and the defence of Polish Transit Depot at Westerplatte. In 1939 names such as Westerplatte, Gdynia, Kępa Oksywska, Hel proved that the commanders and soldiers who defended the Polish Coast passed their examination and capitulated after Warsaw had capitulated and the naval base at Hel had lost its operational importance. It is an indisputable merit of Col. Dębek and his units that the forces of Land Coast Defence fought twice as long as it had been expected from them. This long defence enabled the defenders of Hel to endure two weeks. The coast defence in 1939 was assumed and remained an independent operation, not dependent operationally on the armed forces operations. It became a kind of a „micro-campaign” first of all thanks to Land Coast Defence and its unforgettable commander.