W artykule przedstawiono problematykę nowych rozwiązań w zakresie dalszego funkcjonowania Narodowych Sił Rezerwowych (NSR) w świetle procesu tworzenia wojsk obrony terytorialnej. Ukazano proces powstawania NSR w oparciu o akty prawne, przedstawiono definicje, jak również obowiązki i charakter służby w NSR. Podjęto także propozycję odejścia od formowania komponentu terytorialnego NSR na rzecz utworzenia jednorodnych pododdziałów NSR funkcjonujących w wytypowanych jednostkach wojskowych oraz przedstawiono wnioski oceny stanu faktycznego NSR i zasad ich funkcjonowania.
EN
The article presents the concerns of new solutions in the scope of the further functioning of the National Reserve Forces (NRF) in the aspect of the process of creating Territorial Defense Forces. The process of NRF creation is based on legal documents, has been described, as well as the definitions, responsibilities and its nature. A proposal was also made to leave away the formation of the NRF’s territorial component to the creation of homogeneous NRF formations operating within selected military units, as well as conclusions concerning actual state of affairs and the principles of NRF functioning has been presented.
The programme of the Armed Forces’ professionalization includes provisions concerning setting up the National Reserve Forces (NRF). It comprises information regarding its designation, creating material incentives to join the NRF service and also establishing compensations for employers employing reserve soldiers. Due to these regulations, the NRF will be maintained for the needs of crisis management and also reinforcing military units in case they are used in operations outside the country. The scale of activities undertaken in connection with NRF building, their multidimensional character and importance for the national security justify the presentation of the main aspects of this undertaking.
4
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The article entitled “Preparatory Service for the Needs of National Reserve Forces” presents legal bases and main premises of preparatory service’s functioning. The preparatory service was introduced in order to gather personnel reserves for the professional army’s needs. This new kind of military service is designed mainly for volunteers who have not taken active military service of any kind and intend to serve within the National Reserve Forces (NRF). The preparatory service is closely connected with the establishment of the NRF. Its need resulted mainly from the fact that limiting the possibilities to perform obligatory kinds of active military service only to some defined crisis situations and restricting reserve soldiers’ category exclusively to former career soldiers, in fact there would not be a possibility to become an officer and a reserve soldier without having performed military service earlier. For this reason it was justified to increase the sources of reserve soldiers’ resources, all the more so, only those who have undergone military training will take the NRF obligations. The preparatory service replaced thee military training of university students. The article presents a complete process of NRF volunteers’ training for the needs of officers’, non-commissioned officers’ and privates’ corps. In addition, the NRF soldier’s career development is presented on the crisis management assignment. Gaining and training of volunteers within the preparatory service for the NRF needs will require adopting an appropriate encouragement and motivation system which will boost the interest in this reserve service. Performing this kind of service, forecast in 2011, will generate various conclusions which are to be expected basing on experiences from former students’ and university graduates’ training.
5
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Establishing the National Reserve Forces (NRF) directly resulted from the decision of the Polish Armed Forces’ professionalization. However, it should be honestly stated that it did not reserve an exclusive credit and consequence of the idea of NRF setting up. In fact, it was the response to the suggested since the 90s proposals showing that the introduction of reserve soldiers’ voluntary military service was not only the adaptation to NATO standards in this respect but, most of all, a consequence of several social and economic processes taking place in Poland after 1989. Poland’s accession to NATO structures caused the necessity to adjust numerous areas of the Polish Armed Forces’ functioning to standards biding in NATO. Poland was also obliged to participate in the work of most committees, institutions and other organizations officially accredited at NATO. In the area of personnel reserves’ problems, this kind of organization affiliated to NATO Military Committee is National Reserve Forces Committee (NRFC) NATO. Experiences gained from NRFC work and other international contacts regarding voluntary reserve service caused that these problems were discussed and under consideration both at the Ministry of National Defence and other environments interested in issues connected with the defence of the state. A breakthrough in the professionalization process and establishing the National Reserve Forces was Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s declaration during his expose in November 2007 when referring to the defence he stated that “a complete professionalization of the Polish Armed Forces is necessary though the reduction of people called up to the conscription service in 2008, thus at the beginning of 2010 the service in the Polish Armed Forces will be performed exclusively by volunteers.” It must be stressed that the main directions in forming the NRF were defined in the “Professionalization Programme of the Polish Armed Forces for 2008 – 2010” which was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 5th August 2008. According to the Programme the reserve forces were due to take place on voluntary formula basing on crisis assignments as a result of contracts signed. The Polish Armed Forces’ manpower was established on 120 thousand (NRF including). Later it was decided that the NRF would number 20 thousand reserve soldiers.
W artykule przedstawiono podstawy prawno – organizacyjne koncepcji funkcjonowania Narodowych Sił Rezerwowych (NSR). Autor wskazuje problemy, które mogą decydować o sprawności działania ochotniczej służby w rezerwie. W artykule określono koncepcje funkcjonowania NSR w warunkach armii zawodowej. Wzorem innych państw sojuszniczych w Siłach Zbrojnych RP przystąpiono do tworzenia Narodowych Sił Rezerwowych w nowych uwarunkowaniach organizacyjno-prawnych, finansowych i społecznych naszego państwa. Koncepcja funkcjonowania NSR zawarta w ustawie o powszechnym obowiązku obrony RP jest efektem finalnym dotychczasowych prac związanych z realizacją ochotniczej służby w rezerwie. Autor analizując koncepcje NSR wskazuje na brak precyzyjnych i jasnych zasad ich funkcjonowania. Wskazuje również jak powinien przebiegać proces wdrożenia, funkcjonowania oraz szkolenia NSR w SZ RP. Przedstawia także kluczowe problemy w zakresie działania NSR takie jak podstawy prawne, system motywacyjny dla żołnierzy rezerwy i pracodawców aż w końcu odpowiednie struktury organizacyjne odpowiedzialne za całokształt funkcjonowania tej formy służby w rezerwie.
EN
The article “National Reserve Force for Professional Armed Forces” presents the legal and organisational basis for the concept of the National Reserve Force. The author specifies the issues that may have a bearing on the efficiency of the volunteer reserve service. The article depicts the different concepts according to which the National Reserve Force should function within professional armed forces. Like other allied countries, the Polish Armed Forces have commenced to create the National Reserve Force under new legal, organisational, financial and socials conditions of our country. The concept of NRF included in the Act on the general defence obligation of the Republic of Poland is the final effect of the efforts so far related to the voluntary reserve service. The author, by analysing of the NSR concept, indicates that there are no precise and clear rules specifying how they should function. He also shows how the process of implementation, functioning and training of NRF should be carried out. He also presents the key issues pertaining to NRF, such as the legal basis, the system of motivating reserve soldiers and employers, and the appropriate organisational structures responsible for the overall functioning of this reserve force.
8
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The article features the genesis and evolution of the National Reserve Forces’ (NRF) concept, shows the directions and constraints that decide on the final concept of voluntary reserve service. Three concepts of NRF functioning in the professional army conditions are presented. Like in other allied countries, Polish Armed Forces started creating the National Reserve Forces. Their first variant of functioning was presented in a strategic defence review, the second one in the “Kalina” project, and the third one, which was adopted in the law on common obligation of Poland’s defence. The first two concepts had a great importance on the final shape and structure of NRF included in the law on common obligation of Poland’s defence. The author, analysing the NRF concepts, points at the lack of precise and clear rules of NRF functioning. He also shows how the process of NRF implementation and functioning in the Polish Armed Forces should take place. He presents the key problems o f NRF functioning such as legal bases, motivation system for reserve soldiers and employers and, finally, proper organisational structures responsible for the whole of this form of service functioning in reserve.
Problems connected with creating and using national reserve forces make up an important element of mobilisation preparation in a country. Shaping human capital as each country has at its disposal, armed forces including, should be based on clear and satisfying legal provisions/ that on the one hand enable creating national reserve forces, on the other, create conditions to their effective use in the defence of the state. Current challenge relating to a widely understood human resources management is treated equally to capital, information and production means’ management. The need of management re-orientation results from the changes taking place in the armed forces’ environment such as new technologies in armament and equipment, growing citizens’ awareness (of conscripts, professional soldiers and reservists) and also the information systems influence, including such global systems as the Internet. One of the appropriate concepts meeting the new requirements of the armed forces organisation is the concept which assumes that people are the most valuable resource of the armed forces and the defence of the state and their effective management should be defined by the mission, aim and strategy of creating national reserve forces. A special moment taking place now, full integration with NATO and EU structures and procedures and also work on strategic vision of the Polish Armed Forces’ development after their strategic review, including decreasing personnel and essential changes in the professional cadre internal structure, have clearly proven the need to undertake conceptual work on creating national reserve forces in the context of fulfilling defence obligations. The noticeable dynamism of all events’ development shows the need to continue this activity, particularly in the “cost - effect” area while creating national reserve forces.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.